FMCSA 3 Year Heavy Vehicle Data Collection Effort

Heavy Vehicle Data Collection Effort PURPOSE – To gather data to help determine what, if any, impact heavier weight have on a vehicle’s structural components, motor carrier safety violations, and safety. DURATION – January 15, 2012 – January 15, 2015 A heavy vehicle was included in the study if: It was weighed and found to be over the allowable: Axle weight; and/or Axle group weight; and/or Gross vehicle weight for the roadway on which it is operating OR It was operating under a special permit for weight

General Inspection Information Timeframe No. CMV Inspections No. OOS CMV OOS Rate 6 months 2,485 922 37.10% 1 year 5,109 1,830 35.82% 18 months 7,602 2,696 35.46% 2 years 9,541 3,494 36.62% 30 months 10,564 3,961 37.50% 3 years 11,352 4,281 37.71%

3 Year Inspection Information Combination CMV? No. CMVs OOS Rate Yes 8,888 39.33% No 2,462 31.86%

General Inspection Information by Permit Timeframe Permitted CMV? No. CMVs OOS Rate 6 months Yes 273 32.97% No 2,212 37.61% 1 year 435 33.79% 4,674 36.01% 18 months 558 35.30% 7,044 35.48% 2 years 632 35.44% 8,909 36.70% 30 months 682 36.36% 9,882 37.57% 3 years 723 36.65% 10,629 37.78%

Top Violation Types Violation No. CMVs 4,165 2,402 2,198 1,596 1,984 No. Occurrences No. CMVs Clamp/Roto type brakes out of adjustment 4,165 2,402 Inoperable required lamp 2,198 1,596 State/Local laws – Excessive weight: 1-2,500 lb over on an axle/axle groups 1,984 1,863 State/Local laws – Excessive weight: 2,501-5,000 lb over on an axle/axle groups 1,659 1,589 Inspection, repair and maintenance of parts and accessories 1,641 1,242 CMV MFG > 10/19/94 with automatic AB adjust system fails to compensate for wear 1,505 1,394 Brakes out of service: The number of defective brakes is equal to or greater than 20% 1,439 1,429 Brake hose/tubing chaffing and/or kinking 997 764 Brakes (general) 984 790 Tire – Tread depth less than 2/32 inch 975 729 No/discharged/unsecured fire extinguisher 940 928 Oil and/or grease leak 847 763 Local laws 915 592 Inoperative turn signal 812 652 Operating a CMV without proof of a periodic inspection 798 610 Inoperative/defective brakes 593 State vehicle registration or license plate 753 639 Brake connections with leacks/constrictions 584 519 State/Local laws – Excessive weight: 1-2,500 lb over allowable gross weight 580 573 Stop lamp 556 487

OOS Violations (All CMVs) Category No. CMVs OOS Rate Brakes 1,558 13.72% Brake adjustment 947 8.34% Tires 444 3.91% Suspension 78 0.69% Wheels 44 0.39% Other 1,210 10.66% Total 4,281 37.71%

Weight Violations Violation No. CMVs No. OOS OOS Rate 392.2-SLLEWA1 1,863 676 36.29% 392.2-SLLEWA2 1,589 642 40.40% 392.2-SLLEWA3 287 138 48.08% 392.2-SLLEWG1 573 218 38.05% 392.2-SLLEWG2 310 142 45.81% 392.2-SLLEWG3 474 267 56.33% 392.2W 346 149 43.06% Total 5,010 2,005 40.02%

Tractor and Trailer Violations Tractors Trailers Violation Category No. Occurrences Brakes out of adjustment 2,426 2,111 Brakes (other) 3,589 3,066 Coupling devices 70 39 Fuel systems 40 3 Frames 86 174 Lighting 1,888 1,505 Steering mechanism 289 Suspension 91 183 Tires 629 1,126 Wheels, studs, clamps, etc. 139 194 Load securement 36 409 Windshield 349 Exhaust discharge 154 Emergency equipment 610 4 Periodic inspection 233 240 All other vehicle defects 2,235 1,493

Conclusion 36 months of data A 3 year final report is in draft Trucks with weight violations have high OOS rates – Over 40% There is a high rate of OOS violations

Heavy and Overweight Vehicle Stopping Distance Testing 2012

State Maximums – 5 Axles Florida, Wyoming, and Michigan Allow up to 122,000 lb New York and New Jersey Allow up to 126,000 lb Massachusetts and Connecticut Allow up to 128,000 lb Mississippi Allows more weight depending on axle spacing and route Wisconsin Allows up to 142,000 lb 92,000 lb 104,000 lb 96,000 lb 106,000 lb Maximum allowable GVW 98,000 lb 108,000 lb 100,000 lb 112,000 lb 102,000 lb 116,000+ lb

Heavy and Overweight Brake Testing Impact on brake performance with increasing load Impact on brake performance with brake degradation on tractor and trailer (20%)

FY 2012 Testing 5 Axle tractor/semitrailer Reduced Stopping Distance Tractor Test New brakes, drums, and tires FMVSS No. 121 burnish 20 mph; 60 mph Best Effectiveness 20% brakes out on tractor 20% brakes out on trailer

5 Axle Reduced Corrected CMV Stopping Distance Averages for 60 mph Panic Stops

5 Axle Stopping Distance Testing: Tire Load Capacity for Loading Conditions Load Condition (lb) GVW (lb) Steer Axle (lb), Capacity Drive Axle Group Trailer Axle Group Tire Capacity - - 14,320 45,400 52,880 Control Trailer 55,860 13,340 38,020 93.2% 83.7% 60,000 Load 60,040 12,630 24,490 22,920 88.2% 53.9% 43.3% 80,000 Balanced Load 80,040 12,810 32,640 34,590 89.5% 71.9% 65.4% 80,000 Unbalanced Load 80,010 13,200 38,710 28,100 92.2% 85.3% 53.1% 91,000 Load 91,440 13,140 38,240 40,060 91.8% 84.2% 75.8% 97,000 Load 97,120 12,660 33,390 51,070 88.4% 73.5% 96.6% 106,000 Load 106,340 13,710 45,080 47,550 95.7% 99.3% 89.9% 116,000 Load 116,100 13,780 48,770 53,550 96.2% 107.4%* 101.3%* *Due to load positioning in these configurations, an overload condition was created for the rating of the tires available for testing. This was noted and will be addressed in future testing.

FY 2013-14 Testing 6 Axle tractor/semitrailer Reduced Stopping Distance Tractor Test Re-ran with non-RSD brakes installed New brakes, drums, and tires FMVSS No. 121 burnish 20 mph; 60 mph Best Effectiveness 2 brakes out on tractor; 3 brakes out on tractor 2 brakes out on trailer; 3 brakes out on trailer Steer axle brakes out

State Maximums – 6 Axles Maximum allowable GVW North Carolina, South Dakota, and Oregon Allow up to 119,000 lb Texas Allows up to 117,000 lb New Mexico Allows up to 118,000 lb Mississippi Allows up to 123,000 lb Georgia Allows up to 125,000 lb New York Allows up to 126,000 lb Florida and Utah Allow up to 127,000 lb Massachusetts Allows up to 128,000 lb Maine Allows up to 134,000 lb Wisconsin Allows up to 142,000 lb Nebraska Allows up to 102,000 lb South Carolina Allows up to 107,000 lb 100,000-108,000 lb 116,000-119,000 lb Maximum allowable GVW 109,000-110,000 lb 120,000 lb 112,000 lb 122,000+ lb 113,000-114,000 lb 132,000+ lb

6 Axle Corrected CMV Stopping Distance Averages

Suggestions State weight violations (393.2*) should be included in CSA scoring Tow vehicles (i.e. tractors) should not be allowed brake violations – OOS Permit vehicles should not be allowed brake violations – OOS Vehicles should not be permitted beyond its stated GVWR

Vehicle Configuration OOS Rate w/ Weight Violations Level 1 Inspections Vehicle Configuration No. Inspections OOS Rate No. Weight Violations OOS Rate w/ Weight Violations Single Trailer 2,951,001 26.30% 82,472 41.89% Double Trailer 59,799 26.76% 1,813 47.66% Triple Trailer 834 17.03% 48 52.08% Total 3,011,634 84,333 42.02%

Questions? Luke Loy, Sr. Engineer FMCSA Vehicle and Roadside Operations Division Luke.Loy@dot.gov