Introducing

What is an Ecosystem and How does energy flow within an Ecosystem? Essential Question What is an Ecosystem and How does energy flow within an Ecosystem?

Unit Essential Question: How do organisms interact with each other the abiotic factors within the area that they live? In which direction does energy flow within the system? What happens when the flow of energy is interrupted? What happens when non-native species are introduced into an area? Lesson Essential Questions: 1. What is an ecosystem? 2. Where does the energy come from within an ecosystem? 3. How does the energy flow within an ecosystem? Lesson Essential Questions: 1. In what ways can species interact with each other? 2. What is symbiosis? Define the four major types. 1. What happens when chemicals naturally leach into systems? 2. What happens when humans introduce chemicals into the environment? 1. What happens when an ecosystem is affect by fire or other major geologic/weather event? 2. How might the ecosystem change? 3. What happens when humans introduce a new species into an area?

What is Ecology? Branch of biology that studies the environment and the interactions that take place between organisms and their environment.

Biosphere Part of the earth that supports all life. Extends from high in atmosphere to bottom of the oceans. Includes a wide range of climates – which helps to determine biomes

Ecosystem Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors includes all abiotic and biotic factors in one particular environment Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors the living parts of an ecosystem the nonliving parts of an ecosystem

Bio Biotic Factors include plants, animals, fungi, microorganisms Bio = life; ology = study of

Examples of Biotic Factors

Abiotic Factors A include air, water, soil, temperature, wind, source of energy (usually sun) a, an prefix not, without

Examples of Abiotic Factors

Examples of Ecosystems Coral Reef in Belize Mountains in Colorado Arizona Desert

Ecosystems Biotic Abiotic do not necessarily have clear boundaries due to biotic and abiotic changes can change daily as things move from one ecosystem to another Biotic Abiotic migration, seed dispersal flood, erosion, drought

Biotic Factors interact with each other in complex ways parasitism mutualism competition such as also interact with abiotic factors in the ecosystem dependent upon water, minerals, temperature, light such as

organ system Levels of Organization within an ecosystem biome large region with typical plants and animals that includes several ecosystems group of different kinds of tissues working together group of organs working together all organisms of the same kind living in one area all living and nonliving things interacting within a certain area all interacting populations in an ecosystem one individual living thing group of similar cells organized to work together smallest unit of living things ecosystem community population organism organ system organ tissue cell

Niche vs. Habitat Niche Habitat All the strategies and adaptations a species uses in its environment How it gets its food, shelter, how and where it survives Is the place where an organism lives out its life A lawn, bottom of the stream, or oak tree

Symbiotic Relationships The living together of two or more organisms of different species within a close area.

Types of symbiotic relationships Competition – interaction that affects both species negatively Commensalism – one species benefits, the other is neither helped nor harmed Mutualism – both species benefit Parasitism- one species benefits, the other is harmed.

Commensalism – one species benefits, the other is neither helped nor harmed EXAMPLES Barnacle and the whale Remora and the shark Silverfish and ants Hermit crab and snail shell Cowbird and buffalo

Mutualism – both species benefit Examples Bee and maribou stork Yucca plant and yucca moth Badger and honey guide bird Ostrich and gazelle Oxpecker and rhino Wrasse fish and sea bass Mutualism – both species benefit

Parasitism- one species benefits, the other is harmed. EXAMPLES Mistletoe and spruce Cuckoo and warbler Mouse and flea Deer and tick

BOOK WORK! Section 2.1 Q’s p. 37 Problem solving 1-5 p. 38 Reading Check Question p. 42 Reading check question p. 45 Section Assessment Q’s 1-5

Energy Within the System LEQ & WARM UP: How does energy flow within an ecosystem?

How do things interact?? Food Chains Trophic Levels Tertiary Consumer Secondary Consumer Primary Consumer Producer

What is a Trophic Level? The feeding step in a food chain in the passage of energy and materials

Food Chains – trophic levels THE SUN IS THE SOURCE OF ENERGY! Producers- uses the sun to make food Consumers- Consumes other living things for energy; Scavenger- feeds on dead animals Decomposer- mainly bacteria that speed up the decomposition of everything

How do things interact?? Food Chains Trophic Levels Tertiary Consumer Secondary Consumer Primary Consumer Producer

Work with your group to construct your own food Chain What comes first? What will eat the organisms at the first level? Which trophic Level comes next? Which animal would fit best? Be sure to have your food chain checked! You can earn a stamp!

Food Webs and Energy within the system

Activity Now try making a food web… we are going to add the arrows to the food web you started yesterday in class. We will now go over what eats what so that you can draw your lines with arrows. Arrows are drawn from the organism that is being eaten.

Food Web- ALL of the individual food chains in an ecosystem

What Eats What? Rabbits eat seeds, grains, grass, hay Squirrels mainly eat nuts from trees, and bird seed Seed eating birds eat seeds Caterpillars eat leaves and other plants, butterflies will eat nectar from flowers Mice will eat seeds, grass, hay and sometimes insects.

What Eats What? Predacious insects eat other insects Toads/frogs eat insects, and depending on the size of the toad, they will go after just about anything that moves and can fit in their mouth Insect eating birds eat insects Snakes eat birds, bird eggs, toads, baby rabbits, mice, rats Spiders eat insects and depending on their size, birds and frogs/toads, fish

What Eats What? Hawks eat meat. They will eat other birds, mice, small rabbits, snakes, toads, squirrels, small foxes Owls generally eat mice and other small nocturnal rodents, but on occasion will eat frogs and snakes. Foxes are opportunistic. They will eat just about anything.

Is your food web finished? Stamps will be given for finishing your food web. On this paper alone, you will have 3 stamps total. (If you completed all the work in a timely manner yesterday)

Energy within the system Energy flows from trophic level to trophic level as organisms are being eaten. There is more energy at the bottom of the energy pyramid, because producers receive most of the sun’s energy. There will be more producers than consumers as you move your way up the food chain/web

How does Energy in a System Flow? 10% of the energy moves on, 90% is used for metabolic functions .01% .1% 1% 10% 100% Energy comes from the sun

Why do you think that there is fewer consumers as you move up the trophic levels? Plants will receive almost 100% of the sun’s energy and so there will always be a greater number of producers than consumers. Less energy is passed from level to level, and so there is fewer consumers as you move up.

Complete the three worksheets from the book Complete the three worksheets from the book. Then create the foldable on page 46 in the book. Follow the directions, turn in all completed work.