Cell Organelles

The Cell and it’s parts Within the cell there are many different parts Each part has a specific function

Cell Diversity At least 200 different types of cells in the human body alone But there are 3 features that all cells have in common 1. Cell membrane 2. An information/control center with genetic material (DNA) 3. Cytoplasm

Helpful type on your notes For each organelle I want you to know the following information 1. Structure 2. Location (How to identify it within the cell) 3. Function

Nucleus Known as the brain of the cell and has main parts What is the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?

Parts of the Nucleus 1. Chromatin 2. Nucleolus 3. Nuclear Membrane Genetic material that controls all activities of the cell and passes on hereditary material 2. Nucleolus Manufactures proteins Dense, dark area within nucleus Has DNA, RNA, and proteins 3. Nuclear Membrane Double layered Surrounds genetic material and holds it together

Ribosomes Smallest cell structure Composed of RNA and proteins Made in the nucleolus Where proteins are made Product of the cell is a protein

Two types of Ribosomes 1. Free floating – make proteins that are used within the cell 2. Attached – attached to Endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.) and make proteins that are exported out of the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum Series of channels that are used as a transport for the protein made by the ribosome attached to it Two types 1. Rough ER – ribosomes are attached Proteins travel from here to the smooth ER 2. Smooth ER – has no ribosomes Package proteins into vesicles for transport to another cell of the Golgi apparatus

Golgi Apparatus AKA Golgi Bodies Flattened membrane bound sacs Modify or package the proteins from the vesicle by adding carbs or taking out water

Golgi Apparatus Put the finished protein in a transport vesicle to be taken to another cell part or outside of the cell Main products are proteins and lipids used in the cell membrane

Vesicles Transport material from one part of the cell to another Found in metabolically active cells Same structure but smaller than vacuoles

Mitochondria Mitochondria vs Mitochondrion Power house of the cell Two membranes Outer one smooth Inner one is folded

Mitochondria Supply energy for all cellular functions by breaking down sugars and starches (enzymes used!) and releasing energy Takes place on inner folded membrane Common in cells that require large amounts of energy Muscle cells

Mitochondria Even though they are found outside of the nucleus they contain small amounts of DNA Reproduce in cytoplasm with materials that are already there

Vacuole Large sacs that store water, other liquids, waste, or food particles Storage room for the cell Much smaller in animal cells and may contain oils

Vacuole In plants … Very large and filled with water The pressure of the water helps maintain the shape of the plant Not enough water in the plant = vacuole collapses and the plant wilts Ex. Celery in the fridge without water

Lysosome Formed in the Golgi apparatus Have strong digestive enzymes Recycling center of the cell by breaking down used cell parts and other molecules in the cell White blood cells have lysosomes WBC attacks bacteria, release enzymes to destroy the bacteria

Factory Analogy!!!

Factory Comparison Organelle Function Boss Worker Internal Transport (Conveyer) Packaging Shipping Power House Storage Recycling Center Boundaries and Walls Doors to building

Which of the following organelles matches up best with the role in the factory? Boss Worker Internal Transport (Conveyer) Packaging Shipping Power House Storage Recycling Center Boundaries and Walls Doors to building Lysosomes Nucleus Mitochondria Golgi apparatus Proteins to cell membrane Vesicles Endoplasmic Reticulum Vacuoles Ribosome Cell membrane

Factory Comparison Organelle Function Boss Worker Internal Transport (Conveyer) Packaging Shipping Power House Storage Recycling Center Boundaries and Walls Doors to building Genetic material that controls function and passes on DNA and RNA Nucleus Ribosome Where proteins are made Endoplasmic Reticulum Transport for proteins Where packaging in a vesicle occurs to be shipped Golgi Apparatus Packaging that covers proteins when shipped out Vesicles Mitochondria Convert sugar into energy Vacuoles Store liquids, water, waste Lysosomes Breakdown used cell parts Separates cell from outer environment (cell wall in plants) Cell membrane Proteins to cell membrane Channel proteins for transport