Department of Conservation and Marine Sciences, CPUT Monitoring contaminants in coastal areas: Implications for MPA management C. Sparks & R. Toefy Department of Conservation and Marine Sciences, CPUT
Introduction Monitoring Coastal area & management Definition & boundaries? Are we talking to each other & agreeing on management objectives (EMPS)? Multiple legislative frameworks (DEA vs DAFF), sectors & interests Monitoring We cannot manage what we do not know!
Contaminants in coastal environment Research questions for MPA management: So what are the concentrations of contaminants in coastal areas? How do we know what the effects of these are?
Empirical evidence in support for: 1. need to monitor contaminants & 2 Empirical evidence in support for: 1. need to monitor contaminants & 2. research on effects of contaminants CPUT: Monitoring 2012 -> Metals in water, sediment & organisms (West & South coast) Metals in marine organisms Effects of contaminants: Biomarkers 2012 – Antioxidants 2015 – TBT & imposex (Cape Town)
Monitoring Metals (sediment) (Recommended Guideline Value (RGV) BCLME, 2006)
(RGV)
Mytilus vs Perna
Variability of metals (False Bay)
Value of monitoring metals? Indicates concentrations in environment but does not say much about effect on organisms / populations. Different tolerance levels of animals…
Biomarkers Biomarkers provide information on both the level of pollutant exposure as well as the health of the organism or population so affected (O’Donoghue and Marshall, 2003) Considered to be sensitive ‘early warning’ tools for biological effect measurement in environmental quality assessment (McCarthy and Shugart, 1990)
Antioxidants as biomarkers? Source: kcgoff.blogspot.com
Catalase (CAT) activity * = significantly different to start of the exposure (p<0.05)
Total antioxidant capacity (TAC): oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay (ORAC)
AO results: in situ? Challenges: high variation (SE) Other factor(s) causing stress? Further research required
Biomarker: Tributyltin (TBT) & imposex Antifouiling paint Banned since 2008 Specific biomarker: imposex Impact on biodiversity?
2015 Pilot study
We need to include contaminant monitoring & biomarker research to inform management decisions…
Helderberg MPA study…
Conclusion Increased pollution –> decreased biodiversity What contaminants are in coastal areas? What are impacts of contaminants on ecosystems? Biomarkers -> early warning indicators of health Need to include contaminant monitoring to determine priority areas (catchment to coast?) What are the quality standards / guidelines? Challenges: Costs? (metal analysis at CPUT: >R200k thus far) HR Capacity Management objectives / priorities?
Thank you! Source: www.seakeepers-nz.com Acknowledgements: Thank WWF & CPUT for funding sparksc@cput.ac.za Tel: 0812703105