Unit #4 – Missionaries, Education, Industries Part 1 - SLOs Describe traditional Hawaiian and missionary education in Hawaiʻi. Contrast traditional Hawaiian with contemporary natural resource management systems. Describe dakine Pidgin. Ka’ahumanu by Herb Kane

Traditional Hawaiian Education Family-based Ancestral knowledge & memories The source of all knowledge stem from the kūpuna (Pukui & Elbert, 1986). Punahele (favorite) of grandparents Kumu hula Hawaiian scholar Interviewed kūpuna Translated Hawaiian newspaper articles Mary Kawena Pukui (1895 – 1986) at Bishop Museum

ʻŌlelo Noʻeau – Hawaiian Proverbs Relating to Teaching & Learning Nānā ka maka. Hoʻolohe. Paʻa ka waha. Hoʻopili. Observe, listen. Keep the mouth shut. Imitate. I ka hoʻolohe nō, hoʻomaopopo. By listening, one understands. Ma ka hana no ka ʻike Through work one learns Nalani Kanakaole and Pualani Kanahele at Merrie Monarch

Western/Missionary Education Arrived in 1820 from Boston after Kamehameha died Brought the printing press Printed primers, Hawaiian language periodicals, the Holy Bible Western education & knowledge = Christian civilization Fill the islands with schools & churches New ways replaced old ways Kawaiahao Church with Mission Houses (1857) Hawaiian Bible - Baibala Hemolele printed in New York in 1822 signed by Hiram Bingham

Lahainaluna School, Maui Missionary Education = Conversion to Christian Way of Life Lahainaluna School, Maui Established in 1832 to train Hawaiian men to be teachers & religious/political leaders Graduates to teach & preach Ka’ahumanu listening to Hiram Bingham preaching in Waimea, O’ahu in 1826 Printing press in Lahainaluna: First Ka Lama Then books for the school

Hawaiʻi’s Legacy of Literacy With arrival of foreigners, Hawaiians were eager to get stuff Missionaries set up in court Worked with Hawaiians to create the written Hawaiian language 1824 Kaʻahumanu issued an edict Kamehameha III “My nation will be a literate nation.” Hawaiian language newspapers flowered up to 1948. Newspapers were embraced as collective repository. Huge bodies of knowledge Digitized newspapers provide raw material for research Dr. Puakea Nogelmeier, PhD UH Hawn language professor Trained in hula https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qx44JMlkxyk TEDxTalks

Brief History of the Hawaiian Language Language spoken from about 400 AD to present Identity and history preserved in oral literature. Missionaries created written form of Hawaiian language in the 1820s. Focus of written language on Bible lessons Proliferation of Hawaiian language newspapers, containing histories, chants, local & global news, birth & death announcements Kamehameha III Kauikaouli – son of Kamehameha I & Keopuolani “He aupuni palapala koʻu” mine will be a nation of letters and learning.

Page from early Hawaiian language primer on The Alphabet Language spoken from about 400 AD to present Identity and history preserved in oral literature. Missionaries created written form of Hawaiian language in the 1820s. Proliferation of Hawaiian language newspapers, containing histories, chants, local & global news, birth & death announcements

Watch video, which was created by ʻŌiwi Tv: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eEYs9wOUxsE

Nā Nowela Example from 8/27/15 (30 sec) https://my.kaymbu.com/moments/video/55df8721ec83000300000ca1

Missionary Teachings Brought Changes Educational changes reflect political changes From family focus to formally trained teachers Drive to document traditions before it dies. The Constitution of 1840 - absolute to constitutional monarchy Foreign missionaries gained political influence Kamehameha School for Girls in the 1890s Kamehameha School for Boys in the 1890s

The establishment of The Kamehameha Schools Founded by Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop (1831 – 1884) Dedicated 375, 000 acres of ancestral land for the education of Hawaiians Kuokoa 6.02.1894

Kamehameha School for Boys 1887 at Bishop Hall Thirteenth. I give, devise and bequeath all of the rest, residue and remainder of my estate real and personal, wherever situated unto the trustees below named, their heirs and assigns forever, to hold upon the following trusts, namely: to erect and maintain in the Hawaiian Islands two schools, each for boarding and day scholars, one for boys and one for girls, to be known as, and called the Kamehameha Schools (Bernice Pauahi Bishop) Legacy of a Princess at http://www.ksbe.edu/about_us/about_kamehameha_schools/video_the_legacy_of_a_princess/ Charles Reed Bishop: Hawai’i’s First Banker https://www.fhb.com/en/inside-fhb/our-rich-history/charles-reed-bishop-hawaiis-first-banker/ Charles R. Bishop – established First Hawaiian Bank, husband of Pauahi, executed her Will

Part 2 - Hawaiʻi’s Changing Economies From Native to Foreign Control How did Hawaiians traditionally manage the natural resources (economics)? How did land ownership drastically changed in Hawai’i? Whaling in Lahaina, Maui Sugar Industry in Makawao, Maui

Traditional Economic System of Hawai’i Pre-Western Contact http://www.kumukahi.org/videos

Community Sharing Resources (Generous) Self-sufficiency https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MLmJcV6Bm9U Hiki Nō Video access to resources mountain to the sea – ahupuaʻa beach access issue

Foreign Changes to Hawaiʻiʻs Economy Sandalwood Whaling (1840s – 1850) Captain Vancouver gifted cattle to Kamehameha I. Cattle was kapu. Mexican cowboys (vaqueros) Paniolo Kuana Torres Kahele’s mele Na Vaqueros https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZHUxIqs2Rw

Watch video on Pidgin/Hawaiʻi Creole https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7X9AAeDCr4

Tsaiʻs Article How did Pidgin develop? What is the English Standard System (1924)? What is the stigma of speaking Pidgin? Why does Pidgin still exist?

Proliferation & Glamorization of Pidgin https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nEc-jfEqWWE

Māhele of 1848 – Privatization of Land Urged by foreigners, particularly missionary advisors Hawaiians petitioned K. III not to appoint foreigners Hawaiian population decimated by diseases Foreigners (naturalized or not) gained right to own land Altered traditional relationships between classes Land division & grants, regardless of ahupuaʻa

Missionaries & Descendants Acquired Land Alexander & Baldwin (A & B) After 1855 ABFCM cut off ties from missionaries in Hawaiʻi Some missionaries returned to continent, & some stayed. Missionaries established sugar plantations. Several businesses w/missionary roots still here

Watch the video, Stolen Waters on ʻŌiwi Tv http://oiwi.tv/oiwitv/stolen-waters/ Who owns water? Why? Why do we pay for water? What is the source of the controversy?

Ha’ina Describe traditional Hawaiian and missionary education in Hawaiʻi. Contrast traditional Hawaiian with contemporary natural resource management systems. Describe dakine Pidgin. Just 2 more classes till pau. Donʻt forget to upload 2 Video Reflection Papers & 2 Heritage Sites Papers. Final Exam on June 29th. Papers due July 2nd midnight.