Pre-AP Warm-Up Thurs 3/31 Take out notebook paper for notes  Title: WWI Reminder: Unit 8 GPERSIA is due TOMORROW! Definitions, categorize words, and justifications Make sure you have complete sentences!

World War I Essential Question: Explain the political, economic, and social impact of World War I upon TX

How did WWI start? 2. Nationalism: 1. Assassination: A leading cause of the great war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary 2. Nationalism: Desire of the Slavic peoples in Bosnia and Herzegovina to no longer be part of Austria-Hungary but instead be part of Serbia. 3. Mutual defense alliances -Russia and Serbia -Germany and Austria-Hungary -France and Russia -Britain and France and Belgium -Japan and Britain 4. Militarism An arms race had begun! Germany had the greatest increase in military buildup. Great Britain and Germany both greatly increased their navies in this time period. 5. Imperialism: Before World War 1, the European countries were arguing over controlling the countries in African and parts of Asia. They wanted the raw materials these areas had! The increasing competition and desire for greater empires helped push the world into World War I.

World War I 1914 – World War I began, but the U.S. remained neutral (stayed out of the war). 1915 - German submarines sank ship (the British ocean liner Lusitania) carrying American and British passengers. Nearly 1200 people died; the event angered the U.S. and becomes one of the main reasons why the U.S. entered the war.

The Zimmermann Telegram In January 1917, German diplomat, Arthur Zimmermann, sent a secret-code telegram to Mexico. In telegram, Germany promised to help Mexico regain its “lost territories” of TX, Arizona, and New Mexico in exchange for its support. The U.S. intercepts the message and is furious! In April, Pres. Woodrow Wilson asks Congress to declare war on Germany!

WWI Fighting took place in both Eastern and Western Europe Many extremely bloody battles that resulted in not a lot of anything for either side Most famous example: Battle of Verdun Lasted 10 Months Germany attempting to take France’s stronghold Pushed through 2 of France’s trench lines to hill outside of town Verdun French pushed back Ended with each side losing around 500,000 men and being in exact same position

The only pictures mrs. Perucca took of Verdun while she was there because she had an asthma attack… 

WWI But the real importance… Life in a Trench: World War I was the first true modern war AKA lots of cool technology stuff invented! Chemical warfare (poison gas) Machine guns Airplanes Tactical air support Tanks Life in a Trench: https://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=_G4ZY66BG38 Tech developments of WWI: https://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=k7v3cq1ZJjM

TX and World War I About 200,000 U.S. troops are TXNs. 25% are African Americans. 5,000 TXNs die in the “Great War”. 500 women serve as aides/nurses TX is excellent for training troops because of wide open spaces and many connecting railroad networks. Training camps include: Kelly Field in San Antonio – world’s largest flight training school Camp Logan near Houston Other camps near Waco, San Antonio, and Ft. Worth

U.S. Soldiers in the War The War caused significant changes for soldiers: Got health and dental care for the first time. Many had never before traveled outside of U.S. Many received more education and specialized training.

Support the War at Home Americans encouraged to “Do your bit” at home to support troops by: buying war bonds and liberty loans buying war stamps giving to and volunteering for the Red Cross ration food/supplies

Wartime Prosperity Businesses, industries, farmers, and ranchers prospered during the War because they produced many things for the troops. Items included: cotton and wool = tents, uniforms leather = boots cattle meat/grain = food supplies oil industry = gas, lubricants for machinery lumber industry = shipping crates, splints, etc.

Results of WWI -Deaths: 116,526 (U.S.) -The Allied Powers (U.S., Britain, France, Italy, Japan) defeated the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire) after four long years of fighting (1914-1918). -A League of Nations was formed to help prevent a future world war (spoiler: it failed). -Independent republics of Austria, Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, and Turkey were formed. -The Communist Bolsheviks took power in Russia in 1917 and formed the Soviet Union.

Post-War Changes

Many TXNs fed up with KKK’s violence and elected Miriam “Ma” Ferguson, who was anti- Klan, as Governor. 1st woman to be elected Governor in TX

KKK Washington D.C. March in 1925

Urban TX 1920s - TX changed from a rural, agricultural state to an urban one in which people had more leisure time. Most homes now had: * electricity, phones * electric appliances (washing machines, irons, vacuums, fridge, etc.) Cities experienced population boom

Women and Equality 1920s – living, working conditions improved for most white women in TX; more women joined the workforce. More women entered politics now. Jane McCallum held powerful posts in Democratic Party and was TX Secretary of State under 2 governors.

20th Century Immigration Generally, most immigrants came to TX for: Job opportunities Education (college, university) Eastern Europeans: Jobs Escape religious persecution Settled in same locations as earlier Europeans, major urban areas

20th Century Immigration Latin Americans Jobs, escape economic depression/poor economies Escape political revolutions Settled in major urban areas The workforce grew in TX because of many new jobs that were created; this was a major economic factor that led to the urbanization of TX.

Jobs and Occupations in 20th Century TX Cattle ranching, farming, agricultural jobs decreased because of new technologies and changing demands of people Oil and gas industry jobs increased because of changes/growth in transportation and products made from petroleum. Most products today are made from a byproduct of petroleum.

Jobs and Occupations in 20th Century Texas… More people migrated from rural to urban areas for jobs in oil and gas industry. Service industry jobs increased because more people were living in urban areas.

Boom-&-Bust Cycles An economic cycle in which high demand leads to high output, which results in falling prices & hard times. Cotton prices dropped after WWI causing farmers to overproduce. The supply of cotton was greater than the demand which led to low prices. What does this sound like that we recently studied??