Driver: SINGLE Model:ATM Model Time: 0h 1h 2h Initialization 3h

Driver: SIMPLE EXPLICIT COUPLING Model: OCN Model: ATM Driver: SIMPLE EXPLICIT COUPLING Model Time: 0h 6h 12h 18h Initialization

Driver: SIMPLE MEDIATOR Model: ATM Driver: SIMPLE MEDIATOR Model Time: 0h 2h 3h 1h Model: OCN Mediator Initialization

Model: ATM Driver: SIMPLE-THREE Model Time: 1h 2h 0h Model: OCN Model: LAND Initialization

Driver: SIMPLE LEAP-FROG COUPLING Model: OCN Model: ATM Driver: SIMPLE LEAP-FROG COUPLING Model Time: 0h 6h 12h Initialization

Driver: IMPLICIT COUPLING Model: ATM Driver: IMPLICIT COUPLING Model Time: 0h 6.5h “down” “up” … 6h fast slow 0.5h Model: OCN “fast” “slow” Initialization

Driver: SIMPLE TWO TIMESCALE Model: OCN Model: ATM Driver: SIMPLE TWO TIMESCALE 3h Model: RTM 21h fast 24h 27h slow Initialization … Model Time: 0h