** In your notes, in preparation for a video clip about slavery – “America: The Story of Us – Division” (20:10 – 35:00) write down the following questions, leaving a few spaces to take notes: - (1) Describe the scenes depicted in the video regarding slaves being bought and sold at an auction. - (2) Summarize what is stated in the video about Frederick Douglas and Harriet Tubman. - (3) What is described about the Fugitive Slave Act (Law)? - (4) What motivates John Brown?

Mexican-American War, 1846-48 - U.S. decision to annex Texas in 1845 brings war. - U.S. provokes war with Mexico.

Mexican Cession (1848) ** Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Increased the size of the United States w/ Mexican Cession by 1/3. Modern states of Utah, Nevada, and California and parts of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming Wilmot Proviso – proposed legislation to ban slavery from “Mexican Cession”; proposed in 1846, ‘47, & ‘48

“Popular Sovereignty” This is the idea that the people of a territory will vote by popular majority whether they want to allow slavery.

of 1850 Compromise (1) Texas surrenders territorial claims (2) California a free state (3) Slavery not restricted in Mexican Cession, so “popular sovereignty” in Utah and New Mexico territories (4) Slave trade banned in Washington D.C. (5) Fugitive Slave Act

Fugitive Slave Act (1850) After accusation, only an affidavit or testimony led to arrest Accused has no right to testify Federal commissioners had incentive to rule in favor of slave catcher: Get $10 if judged slave Get $5 if judged free U.S. Marshals could deputize citizens to round up “escaped slaves”

** In your notes, in preparation for a video clip about slavery – “America: The Story of Us – Division” (20:10 – 35:00) write down the following questions, leaving a few spaces to take notes: - (1) Describe the scenes depicted in the video regarding slaves being bought and sold at an auction. - (2) Summarize what is stated in the video about Frederick Douglas and Harriet Tubman. - (3) What is described about the Fugitive Slave Act (Law)? - (4) What motivates John Brown?

“Bleeding Kansas” (1854-1861) What does this passage say about the level of violence in Kansas? The violence against abolitionists was accompanied by celebrations in the pro-slavery press, with writers such as Dr. John H. Stringfellow of the Squatter Sovereign proclaiming that pro-slavery forces "are determined to repel this Northern invasion and make Kansas a Slave State; though our rivers should be covered with the blood of their victims, the carcasses of the Abolitionists should be so numerous in the territory as to breed disease and sickness, we will not be deterred from our purpose."

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) Controversial Court Case - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QR-VTrPcMDg Questions: (1) On what legal grounds had slaves successfully sued for their freedom? (2) Why did this court decision cause such controversy in the United States?

Northwest Ordinance, 1787 Slavery prohibited in “Northwest Territory” as the Ohio River becomes the boundary dividing free and slave states. New standard for state admission.

Missouri Compromise (1820) Maine becomes a free state (2) Missouri becomes a slave state (3) Slavery prohibited north of 36 30’ (4) Slavery allowed into Arkansas Territory south of 36 30’

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) ** What is Chief Justice Roger Taney’s argument? “[African Americans] had for more than a century before been regarded as beings of an inferior order, and altogether unfit to associate with the white race, either in social or political relations; and so far inferior, that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect; and that the negro might justly and lawfully be reduced to slavery for his benefit. He was bought and sold, and treated as an ordinary article of merchandise and traffic, whenever a profit could be made by it.” - Chief Justice, Roger Taney

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) ** Taney Court decides: (1) Dred Scott remains a slave (2) African-Americans not citizens of any state Supreme Court decides black people cannot bring suit in court (3) Protects property of slave-owners The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional Slavery protected by 5th Amendment Slaves can be taken anywhere (4) Congress cannot make any laws respecting slavery

John Brown Abolitionist farmer In response to peaceful abolitionists, he stated “"These men are all talk. What we need is action—action!"

John Brown Raid on Lawrence, KS: May 21,1856 – pro-slavery attack Pottawatomie Massacre: May 24-25, 1856, John Brown leads abolitionists soldiers John Brown’s Raid: Harpers Ferry, Virginia: Oct. 16, 1859, which has an arsenal of weapons On December 2, 1859, Brown wrote:  “I, John Brown, am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood.”

The Election of 1860 John Bell: Bless my soul I give up.  John C. Breckinridge: That long legged Abolitionist is getting ahead of us after all.  Stephen Douglas: I never run so in my life. Why Lincoln wins? --- Democratic Party becomes divided into Northern and Southern factions “Constitution Union” Party forms due to the national crisis Abraham Lincoln wins with less than 40% of popular vote

The South Secedes Battle of Fort Sumter The Beginning - South Carolina Legislature calls for a special convention on Dec. 20, 1860 to secede from the Union. Fort Sumter in South Carolina falls on April 13, 1861.

Alexander Stephens’ Cornerstone Speech … (March 21, 1861) “Our new government is founded upon exactly [this] idea; its foundations are laid, its corner- stone rests upon the great truth, that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery -- subordination to the superior race -- is his natural and normal condition. This, our new government, is the first, in the history of the world, based upon this great physical, philosophical, and moral truth.”

United States Civil War (1861-1865) “Both Sides and the Cause” LT James Barroll Washington, CPT George Armstrong Custer, and unidentified African American child