Johnson Alienates Radical Republicans By 1866 Johnson broke with the moderate Republicans and aligned himself with the Democrats who opposed equality and opposed the Fourteenth Amendment Radicals attacked Johnson’s policies and and eventually impeached him. President Andrew Johnson

Led by Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens, the Radical Republicans wanted the Southern states to be punished for their treasonous behavior This did not happened, but the Radical Republicans did pass legislation that increased the rights of African Americans

Black Codes White Southerners sought ways to control newly freed African Americans They wrote Black Codes to regulate civil and legal rights, from marriage to the right to hold and sell property In many ways the codes guaranteed African Americans would continue working as farm laborers African American men who were arrested for vagrancy due to unemployment

African Americans Vote Slowly Southern states held elections in which Freedmen voted These elections usually produced Republican state governments For the first time African Americans were elected to local, state, and federal offices The end of Reconstruction led to a drastic reduction of rights for African Americans Hiram Revels, the first African American elected to the U.S. Senate

Spreading Terror K K K The Ku Klux Klan The Klan sought to eliminate the Republican Party in the South by intimidating voters. They wanted to keep African Americans as submissive laborers. They planted burning crosses on the lawns of their victims and tortured, kidnapped, or murdered them. Prosperous African Americans, carpetbaggers, and scalawags became their victims.

Slavery by anaother Name 1. Poor whites and freedmen have no jobs, no homes, and no money to buy land. 6. Sharecropper cannot leave the farm as long as he is in debt to the landlord. 2. Landowners need laborers and have no money to pay laborers. ECONOMIC SLAVERY 3. Hire poor whites and freedmen as laborers Sign contracts to work landlord’s land in exchange for a part of the crop. 5. At harvest time, the sharecropper is paid. Pays off debts. If sharecropper owes more to the landlord or store than his share of the crop is worth; 4. Landlord keeps track of the money that sharecroppers owe him for housing, food or local store.

Writing Prompt Based on what you now know, do you think Reconstruction was a failure? Why or why not? Write a paragraph of at least 5 sentences explaining your reasoning.

Analyzing Political Cartoons For groups. Answer the following questions as a group about the cartoon. You will present your answers to the class: Who is in the cartoon What is the mood the of the cartoon? What is the message/point the cartoonist is trying to make? End