NUTRITION You are what you eat!

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Presentation transcript:

NUTRITION You are what you eat!

All body processes related to food: growth, development and health Nutrition All body processes related to food: growth, development and health

Good and Bad Optimum function Feel good Look good More successful Hypertension Atherosclerosis Osteoporosis Malnutrition

Seven Basic Components Proteins Carbohydrates Fats (Lipids) Water Fiber Vitamins Minerals

Calories Protein: 1 gram = 4 calories Carbohydrate: 1 gram = 4 calories Fat: 1 gram = 9 calories

Proteins: 20% Build & repair cells & tissues Made from amino acids 20 necessary, 9 essential (complete)

Proteins Provide long-term energy: 4 calories per gm Basic body components Amino Acids (22) – 9 essential Complete: animal sources Incomplete: vegetable sources

Carbohydrates: 50-60% 2/3 of daily energy needs Simple: sugars Complex: grains, fruits, etc.

Carbohydrates Major source of energy – 4 calories per gm Found in cheaper food sources Provide fiber

Fat: 30% Concentrated energy Transport Vit A,D,E,K Saturated – solid Unsaturated - liquid

Fats/Lipids Concentrated energy – 9 calories per gm Fat soluble vitamins: a,d,e,k Flavor source Saturated: hard – bad Unsaturated: soft - good

HDL vs LDL Lipoproteins that carry cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood HDL – good: clean arteries by taking lipids to liver for elimination LDL – bad: primary risk factor for heart attack (clog arteries)

Vitamins Needed for essential functions Water soluble Fat soluble

Minerals Regulate body fluids Growth Build tissues

Water No calories 65% of body Needed for fluid balance, as solvent, to aid digestion, & remove waste

Water Essential for digestion Plasma 6 – 8 glasses Reabsorption

Water Problems Dehydration – severe loss of water (fever, vomiting, diarrhea) Edema – severe retention of water (kidney disease, heart failure) Pitting edema – leaves indentation on body part (1 – 4 plus)

Food Pyramid Visual picture Food groups Number of servings from each

Modified Diets Allergies: Common allergens are wheat, milk, eggs & chocolate. Anemia: Need iron. Found in liver, egg yolks, dark green veges, beans, fortified foods.

Modified Diets Cancer: Need calories & vitamins A, C, D & E. Diabetes: Modifies blood sugar levels. Food exchanges divided into 6 areas. Heart disease: Lower cholesterol, triglycerides and calories.

Processes Digestion – change food physically Absorption – move from digestive to circulatory systems Metabolism – change food to energy in cells