In response to the Gilded Age Progressivism In response to the Gilded Age The Progressive Era – about reform, not revolution Social progress was possible and, in fact, necessary -Make economic life fairer and more competitive -Make political life more democratic -Make social life more moral and more just -Broaden opportunities while eliminating privilege and favoritism Series of complimentary, and sometimes conflicting, movements

Who were the Progressives? Growing Middle-class, nouveau riche (newly wealthy) Fear revolution from the lower (working) classes Benefit from the system as it is Favor reform, before the system is overthrown

Muckrakers Exposes and sensational journalism Audience is the new middle class Uncover society’s problems Areas: monopolies, immigrant life, urban problems like overcrowding, diseases, sanitation, vice, corruption, political corruption at all levels, factory conditions, especially for women and children, business/government collusion, specific industries, like meatpacking

Ida B. Wells-Barnett

Jacob Riis How the Other Half Lives

Municipal Reform Move toward city managers, city councils Rise of Experts

Ida Tarbell & Standard Oil

Meat Packing Industry Pure Food & Drug Act Meat Inspection Act Upton Sinclair The Jungle Pure Food & Drug Act Meat Inspection Act

Female Reformers Education Economics Idea of “Separate Spheres” morphs into reform Feminine Duty Realistic fear of childbirth Lesbians Limits in life

Prohibition Movement Women’s Christian Temperance Movement (WCTU) Support from business owners

The Settlement House Movement Jane Addams and Hull House

Assimilation vs. accommodation Generational issues

Florence Kelley Reformer rather than philanthropist “Radicalized” Jane Addams Illinois State Bureau of Labor Stats. 1892

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

IWW International Workers of the World Inclusive Radical Vilified

Birth Control and Margaret Sanger

Women’s Suffrage National American Women’s Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Liberal – work through the system to change the system Carrie Chapman Catt

Suffrage Con’t Alice Paul -Experience in British Women’s Suffrage movement Alice Paul -Ejected from NAWSA for radicalism 1915 – forms Women’s Party “Deeds Not Words”

Suffragettes

Jeanette Rankin (Montana) Amendment introduced in 1918 1921 – 19th Amendment, Women’s Suffrage

Progressive Amendments 1913 – 16th Amendment – Federal income tax 1913 – 17th Amendment – direct election of Senators 1919 – 18th Amendment – Prohibition (of the manufacture, sale or distribution of alcohol) 1921 – 19th Amendment – Women’s Suffrage

The Great Migration

Race Riots Chicago, 1919 Tulsa, 1921 Omaha, 1919