On the Rise of World Englishes Henry Chan Director (Education & Training)/Adjunct Professor of the University of Incarnate Word, Texas, USA New Perspective Education

Englishes Traditional English-speaking Countries: US, UK, Canada, Australia & New Zealand South Africa, Singapore (1st language) Expansing: China & India

China’s Situation Est. 300 million Chinese are learning English. English required at every level of academic achievements: Middle School Leaving Exam University Entrance Exam (Gao Kao) Undergraduate Postgraduate

English = Imperialism? Lingua franca （e.g.，India-Hindi，English is spoken in a variety of ways) More and more people are learning English in the world Courses & programs in English (European universities) Increasing the ownership of English↗Englishes

Standard English vs Englishes SE is declining Only about 5% of British people can speak and write Standard English RP in spoken SE in written (standard grammar & elaborate sentences)

(Local)Englishes China English: Guanxi; pass掉 Hong Kong English: Dim Sum; Kai Fong Singapore English: May I know what is regarding? French: le Steak

Love & Hate About Englishes Convenient Ownership Identity Hate： Not Understood by others Devalue the SE Time Consuming

Why Englishes？ Centre of learning has shifted. UK--------US More and more people in the world are using English; variation is inevitable Language is changing; can’t keep up with the change There is no central agency to regulate English. Unlike Academie Francise Emerge of different economic powers

Future Trend More and more people will use local English for communication beyond the border. Traditional English dictionaries will likely to add on the supplement for a variety of Englishes. Gradually the distinction between the SE & local English(es) will be blurred.

World Englishes Database In Griffth University, Aust & HK Institute of Education THANK YOU

Notes Phillipson 1992; Pennycook, 1998, English is a clear expression of political, cultural and economic imperalism. Huntington(1996, p.62): The people who speak English throughout the world also increasingly speak different Englishes. English is indigenzied and takes on local colorations which distinguishes it from British or American English and which,…