The Facts:
Presidents Union- Abraham Lincoln Confederate Jefferson Davis
Union’s “Anaconda Plan” 1) Surround South by land and sea to cut off trade 2) Divide Confederacy into 2 so one side can’t help the other 3) Capture Richmond (the cap.) and destroy their gov’t
Top Generals: Union: Ulysses S. Grant
George McClellan
William Tecumseh Sherman (McGarry’s fav)
George Meade
Joshua Chamberlain
The Confederate Generals: General Robert E. Lee
Pierre Gustave Toutant PGT Beauregard
“Stonewall” Jackson
James Ewell Brown JEB Stuart
James Longstreet
1st Battle Battle of Bull Run: 1st major land battle Where ‘Stonewall’ Jackson got his nickname 1st Union upset Showed Union will be a long war!
Roles of Women: Ran farms and businesses Worked in factories Nurses Teachers Government workers Military jobs (messengers, guides, scouts, smugglers, soldiers and spies)
Famous women: Rose Greenhow: Spy for the Confederates Dorothea Dix: Director of Union army’s nursing service Clara Barton: Battlefield nurse, founded American Red Cross
Antietam: Lee vs McClellan (….only good thing he did) Bloodiest day of the war! (Bloodiest day in all of American history…to this point) No clear victory
New Realities Improved weapons made killing easier Rifles, Improved cannons No improvement on medical care More soldiers died of disease than in battle!!!
Emancipation Proclamation Declared slaves in all Confederate states to be free
Gettysburg Meade vs Lee Union victory Lee's 2nd invasion of the North. JULY 1-3, 1863 Meade vs Lee Union victory Lee's 2nd invasion of the North. More than 50,000 men fell as casualties Bloodiest battle of the war “High water mark for the Confederacy”
Opposition to war Problems: Opposition to war -“Copperheads”- northern Democrats who were more interested in peace than saving union or ending slavery) Soldiers getting attacked (Habeas corpus suspended) gives a person the right to trial before being jailed Draft riots
Gettysburg Address “Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” Abraham Lincoln November 19, 1863
Technology Railroads to move troops Telegraphs to communicate to distant armies Recorded in photos First use of ironclads in battle
Merrimac and Monitor Ironclads: ships covered in iron Merrimac (Virginia)- Confederates Monitor- Union Fought in battle against each other. Both unharmed
Siege at Vicksburg On a hill on Miss. River Easy to defend, tough to capture Union needed it to control Bombarded by land and sea Starved them into surrendering Divided Confederacy in half
Massachusetts 54th Robert Gould Shaw…1,000 black regiment Paid less, but protested. Granted equal pay Sent to help fight at Ft Wagner Won widespread respect Movie GLORY based on this regiment
Total War War on enemy’s will to fight and ability to support army Grant wanted to take them down mentally and physically 1864- Lincoln re-elected
Sherman’s March to the Sea Started in Atlanta, ended in Savannah, turned north, finished in Raleigh, NC- destroyed everything in their way
The End Grant’s army surrounded Richmond and finally broke through lines to march to take the city Lee had no choice but to meet with Grant Formal surrender happened at Appomatox Courthouse (April 9, 1865)