Life After WWII Demand Labor Unions GI Bill

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Presentation transcript:

Life After WWII Demand Labor Unions GI Bill Because of rationing, after war, demand for consumer goods increased sharply Labor Unions 1946, number of strikes increased Taft-Hartley Act (1947) Congress passed, decreased power of unions Ex. President could stop strikes when national interest at stake GI Bill June 1944 FDR signed “government issue” Included several features aimed to help vets make smooth transition money for college Advanced job training Loans for home, farm, business Help finding work or year of unemployment benefits

1950s Home Front Baby Boom Racial Minorities 2 decades after WWII > dramatic increase in birthrate Large families > increase in demand Racial Minorities Truman Executive Order 9981 (1948) ended segregation in armed forces Hispanic vets formed American GI Forum to get veteran benefits

Baby Boom

Post-War Politics 1948 Presidential Election Truman’s popularity with voters low, lacked support from fellow Democrats, Liberals broke off, Southerners were angry because of Truman’s support of Civil Rights Seemed certain to lose Republican candidate: Thomas Dewey Whirlwind campaign > people responded to tough-talking, plain style

1948 Presidential Election

Truman’s Fair Deal Truman criticized Republican Congress as “do-nothings” Fair Deal: programs in tradition of New Deal Included federal health insurance program Funding for education Not supported by Congress

Global Issues World Bank (1944) Organization for providing loans, advice to countries to reduce poverty International Monetary Fund (1944) System for promoting orderly financial relationships between countries; Designed to prevent economic crises & encourage trade/growth United Nations (1945) Organization in which nations agree to settle disputes peacefully; established commission on human rights General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade (1946) Agreement on rules, regulations for international trade; focused on reducing tariffs & trade barriers

2nd Red Scare Growing fear of communism (1st in 1920s) because of: Soviet atomic weapons (late Aug. 1949) Soviets detonated a-bomb Mao Zedong victorious in Chinese Civil War (Communist)

Fighting Communism at Home Hollywood 10 Most famous HUAC investigation 1947 HUAC collected names of Hollywood writers, producers, directors with radical views They refused to answer questions > guilty of contempt > jail Blacklist: list all major Hollywood employers refused to hire HUAC Since 1930s House of Representatives had (House on Un-Amer Activities Commission) Purpose: investigate radical groups Overtime, focused on communists https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n1cF1x6V16k

Communist Fears McCarran Act (1950) Atomic Energy Commission Truman Congress passed; required communist organizations to register with government Illegal to plan for totalitarian government Tried to prevent communists from entering U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Accused a-bomb scientist Oppenheimer of communist sympathies > stripped of top-secret loyalty Truman Plan to investigate federal employees 3 million investigated > few 1000 resigned, 200 disloyal

Major Spy Cases Alger Hiss (1948) Whittaker Chambers accused Hiss of 1930s plot to place communists inside U.S. government Hiss denied Chambers took investigators to Hiss’ farm & found carved out pumpkins with top-secret government microfilm “Pumpkin Papers” Convicted of perjury > prison

Rosenberg’s Ethel & Julius (1951) Brother in Manhattan Project accused them of providing atomic secrets to spy ring Denied charges > refused to answer questions regarding political or communist involvement Convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage Death sentence > executed 1953 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_hT32LAZvg

Senator Joseph McCarthy Feb. 9, 1950 Speech, McCarthy claimed 250 known communists working for U.S. State Department Charges created sensationalism > used to explain loss of China, Soviet development of a-bomb

McCarthyism McCarthyism Spread fear based baseless charges Spread to universities, unions, businesses Officials & employers feared failed compliance = soft on communism Wild in charges, alcoholic, 1954 attacked U.S. Army > fall of career “Good Night & Good Luck”