Russian Dictators Revision Aim: to create a glossary of some of the key terms, events and people from 1855-1956.

Kerensky

February Revolution

Emancipation of the Serfs

Magnitogorsk

Collectivisation

October Revolution

Land Captains

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov

Comintern

Nomenklatura

Secret Police: when? NKVD – Cheka – KGB – OGPU – Okhrana – MGB –

Five Year Plans: focus? First: Second: Third: Fourth: Fifth:

Green Armies

Father Gapon

‘Going to the people’

October Manifesto

Land Banks

Russian Dictators Revision Aim: to create a glossary of some of the key terms, events and people from 1855-1956.

Kerensky Minister of War in Provisional Government Became leader of PG in July 1917 Menshevik

February Revolution First revolution which ended in abdication of Nicholas II Led to rise of PG Tsar abdicated as his supporters no longer willing to support him

Emancipation of the Serfs Process by which peasants became free Able to buy land from landlords but at high prices Peasants actually lost 20% of the land they’d previously farmed

Magnitogorsk Huge industrial city built by Stalin Built up during late 20s and early 30s

Collectivisation Putting peasants’ farms together to form a ‘collective’ to produce as much as possible Deeply divisive Start coincided with a drought (1931) and therefore famine

October Revolution Fall of PG Seizure of power by Lenin

Land Captains Introduced in 1889 Able to interfere with local government on behalf of governors-general Return to autocratic principles

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Lenin!

Comintern ‘Communist International’, formed at meeting in Moscow, March 1919 Wanted to spread the revolution, members in 30-40 different countries Harmed foreign relations Later policy changed by Stalin: ‘socialism in one country’

Nomenklatura List of about 5,500 designated party posts drawn up from 1923 Could only be filled by loyal Communists

Secret Police: when? Okhrana – 1881 Cheka – 1917 (new organisation and personnel) OGPU – 1922 (more similar in organisation to Okhrana) NKVD – 1934 MGB – 1943 KGB – 1954

Five Year Plans: focus? First: (’28-’32) heavy industry Second: (’33-’37) communications Third: (’38-’41) heavy industry/ armaments Fourth: (’46-’50) economy Fifth: (’51-’55) building projects

Green Armies Peasant armies Some fought for Bolsheviks, some against, some both at different times Often fighting for their own local independence, not worried about the wider issues

Father Gapon Led peace protest on Bloody Sunday

‘Going to the people’ Populist opposition idea of going direct to the peasantry to try to get support Peasants sympathetic to the ideas, but didn’t really ‘get it’

October Manifesto Concessions made by Nicholas II in 1905 Influenced by Witte Freedom of speech, assembly and press Tsar saw it as a failure, replaced Witte and repressed countryside (Stolypin’s necktie)

Land Banks Created in 1880s (’82 and ’85) An attempt to solve problems in land ownership and transfer due to emancipation Failed because it allowed nobles to continue in debt, spin out transfer and avoid investment in modern farming