فصل 7: ارزیابی و طبقه بندی روان شناختی

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Presentation transcript:

فصل 7: ارزیابی و طبقه بندی روان شناختی فصل 7: ارزیابی و طبقه بندی روان شناختی دکتر سید کاظم ملکوتی

اهمیت طبقه بندی در روانپزشکی برای دسته بندی بیشتر بیماریها بررسی و تحقیق بر گروههای تشخیصی سبب شناسی و درمان در طبقات بیماریها

ارزیابی بیماریها نیاز به ابزار های روانشناختی هست ملاک های تشخیصی ابزارهای روانشناسی پایا بودن reliable تولید نتایج ثابت با تکرار ازمون معتبر valid

شیوه های ارزیابی مصاحبه آزمون مشاهده

مصاحبه استفاده از مهارت های مصاحبه interview بی ساختار نیمه ساختار SCID Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5) ساختار یافته CIDI, SADS composite international diagnostic interview Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia

پرسشنامه ها MMPI Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory بررسی وضعیت هوشیار فرد خود بیمار انگاری افسردگی هیستری انحراف جمعه ستیزی مردانگی-زنانگی پارانویا ضعف روانی اسکیزوفرنیا مانیا درون گرایی-برون گرایی

آزمون های فرافکن بررسی وضعیت روانی ناهشیار فرافکن تعارضات درونی و ویژگی های ناخودآگاه روانی رور شاخ Rorschach test اندر یافت موضوع thematic apperception test

آزمون هوش intelligence quotient بینه Stanford-binet intelligence test وکسلر Wechsler adult intelligence scale

3. روش مشاهدات ارزیابی رفتاری ثبت رفتار فیزیولوژیک مانند تنش عضلانی مشاهده رفتار خاص ثبت رفتار خاص شمارش رفتار خاص ثبت شدت رفتار ثبت محرک های باز دارنده و تقویت کننده تحلیل کارکردی functional analysis ثبت رفتار فیزیولوژیک مانند تنش عضلانی ثبت قوام عضلات

آزمون های نروفیزیولوژیک Bender visual motor gestalt test Halsted reitan neuropsychology test

تصویر برداری مغز CT MRI FMRI

DIAGNOSIS تشخیص معتبر باشد پایا باشد Inter-rater reliability Kappa = po-pe/1-pe توافق عالی >0.74 توافق خوب 0.4-0.74 توافق ضعیف < 0.4 Rest-retest reliability با هر ابزاری که مورد استفاده قرار میگیرد پایایی: 1+، 0 ، 1- واریانس ها واریانس موقعیت بر حسب وضعیت بیمار واریانس اطلاعات

دلایل داشتن و رسیدن به تشخیص داشتن تعریف مشترک برای درمان لازم است برای بررسی سبب شناسی برای رسیدن به روش های مشابه برای سازمان های بیمه گر

DSM اولین نسخه 1952 DSM-II 1968 مبتنی بر روانکاوی: صفات استنباطی. حدود 100 طبقه تشخیصی 1980 DSM-III صفات توصیفی و رفتاری. 200 طبقه تشخیصی 1987 DSM-III-R 1994 DSM-IV انطباق بیشتر با ICD-10 2015 DSM-V

تعریف بیماری روانی در DSM-IV وجود نشانگان رفتاری دارای اهمیت بالینی اختلال عملکرد در چند جنبه مغایرت فرهنگی باشد انحراف فرهنگی سیاسی و مذهبی نباشد

تشخیص 5 محوری AXIS I: mental disorder AXIS II: personality dis AXIS III: somatic illness AXIS IV: psychosocial stressors AXIS V: general assessment function GAF

Axis I: Adjustment Disorder with Depressed Mood, Alcohol Abuse, Cannabis Abuse Axis II: No Diagnosis of Axis II Axis III: Hypothyroidism Axis IV: None Axis V: GAF = 50 (on admission), GAF = 62 (on discharge)

Axis IV Categories Problems related to the social environment Educational problems Occupational problems Housing problems Economic problems Problems with access to health care services Problems related to interaction with the legal system/crime Other psychosocial and environmental problems

Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale (DSM–IV, Axis V)   Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale (DSM–IV, Axis V) Code Description of Functioning 91 - 100 Person has no problems OR has superior functioning in several areas OR is admired and sought after by others due to positive qualities 81 - 90 Person has few or no symptoms. Good functioning in several areas. No more than "everyday" problems or concerns. 71 - 80 Person has symptoms/problems, but they are temporary, expectable reactions to stressors. There is no more than slight impairment in any area of psychological functioning. 61 - 70 Mild symptoms in one area OR difficulty in one of the following: social, occupational, or school functioning. BUT, the person is generally functioning pretty well and has some meaningful interpersonal relationships. 51 - 60 Moderate symptoms OR moderate difficulty in one of the following: social, occupational, or school functioning. 41 - 50 Serious symptoms OR serious impairment in one of the following: social, occupational, or school functioning. 31 - 40 Some impairment in reality testing OR impairment in speech and communication OR serious impairment in several of the following: occupational or school functioning, interpersonal relationships, judgment, thinking, or mood. 21 - 30 Presence of hallucinations or delusions which influence behavior OR serious impairment in ability to communicate with others OR serious impairment in judgment OR inability to function in almost all areas. 11 - 20 There is some danger of harm to self or others OR occasional failure to maintain personal hygiene OR the person is virtually unable to communicate with others due to being incoherent or mute. 1 - 10 Persistent danger of harming self or others OR persistent inability to maintain personal hygiene OR person has made a serious attempt at suicide.

Cross-cutting level Survival guide III sections