Presented by Noah Lockette Evolution of music 1600 - 1910 Presented by Noah Lockette

Musical Words and Phrases Notation Mode of scripting music Tone (tonality) Study of sound and its qualities Sonata/Opera/Cantana/Oratorio/Concerto/Sonatas Types of musical performances Chord Stacked notes to create full sound (more than one note at once) Dynamics Abrupt shifts in volume and intonation Homophony A musical pattern in which two or more parts move with one another in harmony Polyphony Musical texture consisting of two or more independent melodies

Medieval and Renaissance Music Inspired by ideas of God and Humanism Little to minimal notation or tonality No major composers nor performers Dominated by troubadours and minstrels Music acted as public domain: anyone could play any song Difficult to identify and find – mostly ad-libbed ballads or poems set to basic melodies

Division of Years Baroque/Rococo 1600 - 1760 Classical 1730 - 1820 Romantic 1780 - 1910

Note – worthy People Sergei Rachmaninoff Johann Sebastian Bach George Frideric Handel Antonio Vivaldi Georg Philipp Telemann Johann Pachelbel Ludwig Van Beethoven Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Richard Wagner Johannes Brahms Franz Schubert Sergei Rachmaninoff Pyotr Llyich Tchaikovsky Franz Liszt Igor Stravinsky Gustav Mahler Joseph Haydn Claude Debussy Felix Mendelssohn Robert Schumann Niccolò Paganini

Baroque Period – 1600-1760 Baroque- Portuguese (barroco) for misshapen pearl Architecture valued extreme ornamentation Music followed suit First conception of tonality Valued elaborate compositions Created the modern notation of music Set music to tonic destinations- created pitches and chords Increased use of polyphony Developed the modern musical techniques and split music to genres Set up instrumentation for full orchestras

Baroque Period (cont.) Valued intricate ornamentation Organized music into specific suites: Partita, Sonata, Overture (etc.) Germany dominated baroque music Most major composers and ideas came from Germany Popularized extreme dynamics and increased use of chords Created new balance between layering of separate patterns and sections Rococo period comes late Baroque Insignificant changes to music

Classical Period – 1730-1820 Drastic change in format caused by Enlightenment ideals Majored in “Galant Music” Fashionable style favoring homophony Emphasized elegance over the serious grandeur of Baroque Grandly increased size of orchestra Piano replaced harpsichord for the first time Nobles and Monarchs became primary patrons

Classical Period (cont.) PROCRASTINATION: Light, minimalistic texture Less complex Simpler than Baroque, but not easier Increasingly Homophonic Abandoned monophony Use of dramatic dynamics Prominent flow of melody Movement to homophonic style made chords more prevalent Tonal structure became considerably more audible

Romantic Period – 1780-1910 Musical progression due to Industrial and scientific revolutions Heavily influenced by the aristocratic social and political norms Music emphasized intense emotion and colorful tone Often associated with liberalistic and radical ideas E.T.A. Hoffmann’s review of Beethoven’s 5th symphony identified the fusion of ideas that created the ideals of romantic music Female composers became more rare in this era than usual Female compositions were more commonly seen in smaller recitals than larger performances

Romantic Period (cont.) The compositions became more and more expressive Piano became the titular instrument of many works Artistic ideals increased Inspiration was taken from art and literature as well as human relationships and nature Popular spontaneity created new subgenre - Impromptu New, expansive symphonies and virtuosic piano music as well as dramatic operas and passionate fantasies Musical salons were held as a form of commercialism and musical revolutions

Mini-Concert!!

Baroque Example Fugue from violin sonata in G minor - Johann Sebastian Bach

Classical Example Sonata in F Major for Violin and Viola - Joseph Haydn

Romantic Example Ave Maria - Franz Schubert

Influence of Classical Era (Neoclassical) Czardas - Vitrorio Monti