Review and Preview Chapter 6

Review: Nutrition When possible, why is breast milk recommended over formula for young babies? What is malnutrition? What are the most common types of malnutrition in U.S.?

Review: Early Learning Capacities Learning Capacity Description Classical Conditioning Copying the behavior of another person. Operant Conditioning Associating a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that leads to a reflexive response Habituation and Recovery A spontaneous behavior is followed by a stimulus that changes the probability that the behavior will occur again. Imitation Gradual reduction in the strength of a response due to repetitive stimulation, and then an increase in responsiveness to a new stimulus.

Review: Motor Development What type of motor development is this? What are some of the “milestones” that are achieved in the first two years? What type of motor development is this? What are some of the “milestones?” Also, drawing, feeding, dressing

Review: Perceptual Development True or False: Vision is one of the best developed senses at birth and experiences little change during infancy and toddlerhood. What is depth perception and why is it important? How does motor development affect the development of depth perception? What is being illustrated in the image on the right? True or False: From birth, infants are capable of combining information from multiple sensory systems.

What do you think? In The Human Baby – To Talk, we learned that gazing and mutual attention are necessary for babies to learn language. Does modern technology compromise the development of babies?

Ch. 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory Information Processing Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory Early Mental Development Language Development

Quiz 6 1) During Piaget’s _________________ stage, which spans the first 2 years of life, infants and toddlers “think” with their eyes, ears and hands. 2) In the information-processing system, information first enters A) working memory. C) long-term memory. B) the central executive. D) the sensory register.   3) According to Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory, complex mental activities have their origins in ___________________________. Through joint activities with (less/more) mature members of their society, children come to master activities and think in ways that have meaning in their culture. 4) True or False: Scores on infant intelligence tests are excellent predictors of intelligence beyond early childhood. 5) What is telegraphic speech? Provide an example.