Chapter 3: Early Colonies

Types of Charters Corporate Colonies: Joint-stock companies, ex: Jamestown Royal Colonies under direct authority of the King, ex: Virginia Proprietary Colonies: authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the King, ex: Maryland and Pennsylvania

Chesapeake Bay Colonies Virginia Maryland

Virginia 1607 – Jamestown Poor relations with Native Americans (Powhatan) John Smith helped save colony from death by requiring everyone to work and teaching agriculture. Shortage of labor Indentured Servants (4-7 years, headright system (50 acres given to anyone who could pay to bring over an indentured servant) and slavery (1619) By 1660, House of Burgess solidified slavery by making children of slaves, slaves. Tobacco Harsh conditions (weather, disease, etc.) Imbalance of men to women

Powhatan uprising of 1662 Surprise attack killed ¼ of Jamestown In the aftermath, the Powhatan chief agreed to peace negotiations, at which two of the Jamestown leaders poisoned them. 200 Powhatan died.

Bacon’s Rebellion:1675-1676 Nathaniel Bacon organized a rebellion due to low tobacco prices and Berkeley’s policies which favored large farmers and angered small backwoods farmers who were not protected from Indian attack. Burned Jamestown settlement. Bacon died and army collapsed. Highlighted a) class differences between wealthy and poor farmers and b) colonial resistance to royal control. Moved labor toward slavery as large planters saw white servants as unreliable labor.

Maryland

Maryland Refuge for Catholics Friendlier relations with Native Americans Lord Baltimore was a Catholic nobleman Southern colonies transition to slavery because Not as much white labor Cheaper slaves as English participation in the slave trade grew Bacon’s rebellion

New England Colonies Massachusetts Rhode Island Conneticut New Hampshire Vermont

Massachusetts James I and Charles I persecuted the Puritans 1620- Puritans come over on the Mayflower William Bradford, Governor (Absorbed into the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1691 founded by John Winthrop “City on a Hill”) Harvard started in 1636 University trained ministers Tight knit communities Strong community values Town hall meetings Education/Literacy

Rhode Island Roger Williams founded- Massachusetts Minister He was in conflict with Puritan leaders and banished. Settled in Providence in 1636 Anne Hutchinson also banned for teaching against Puritans 1) recognized rights of Native Americans 2) Religious toleration

King Phillip’s War, 1676 King Philip's War, sometimes called the First Indian War, Metacom's War, Metacomet's War, or Metacom's Rebellion, was an armed conflict between Native American inhabitants of present-day New England and English colonists and their Native American allies in 1675–78. The war is named after the main leader of the Native American side, Metacomet, known to the English as "King Philip" Most devastating war in New England War ended when Metacomet died.

St. Lawrence to Hudson New York (previously New Netherland) New Jersey 1626- Dutch buy Manhattan from Iriquois Dutch settlers Wars between English and Dutch 1652-1675 1664- Charles II gives York takes over from Dutch and inhibits democracy Religiously diverse and tolerant New Jersey James gives two friends part of NY and makes NJ

Other colonies during late 17th century- during Restoration 1663-Carolina given to a group by Charles II thanking them for their loyalty. Originally based on fur, rice takes over as crop –most brutal slavery 1701- North and South Carolina became separate colonies. North Carolina mostly white families, South Carolina less no with more slavery

Quakers

Pennsylvania Quakers were widely persecuted for their beliefs William Penn was left wealth from his father who was owed a favor by the royals. Land grant given in 1681 Very tolerant of all religions Acknowledged Native American rights to land

Delaware and Georgia Delaware Georgia Formed from two counties of Penn in 1702 Georgia 1732 chartered to be a buffer zone from Spanish Florida Prisoners and debtors sent there James Oglethorpe Did not prosper. 1752- became a royal colony Plantation slavery

Pope’s Revolt

New Spain’s Northern Frontier The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 — also known as Popé's Rebellion — was an uprising of most of the Pueblo Indians against the Spanish colonizers in the province of Santa Fe De Nuevo Mexico, present day New Mexico. The Pueblo killed 400 Spanish and drove the remaining 2,000 settlers out of the province

Queen Anne’s War- 1701 Between England and Spain Carolinas attacked Florida Spain was devastated and unable to reconquer English and French remain in Florida

Glorious Revolution Overthrow of Catholic James II Lasting political changes The Dominion of New England collapsed Some colonies became royal colonies with governors appt by king The Revolution allowed colonists to receive their rights, but Parliament decided that every person under the rule of England was to be virtually represented. The acts (Stamp Act, Currency Act, and Sugar Act) passed by England kindled the colonists resistance from English rule.

Witch Trials 1692 Causes ???? Generational differences between older Puritans and less religious youth Family animosity Population growth Tensions between agricultural farmland and commercial Salem Town Food poisoning Hysteria about Native American wars Weak position of women in Puritan society