Flashback 9/24/12 pg. 35 ISN Using page 27 Geography Alive textbook, Give the relative location of the following cities: Houston, TX Cheyenne, WY Bismarck, ND

Sketch, label and describe the 3 rings of a city. Flashback 9/25/12 pg. 35 ISN Sketch, label and describe the 3 rings of a city.

Describe 2 positive and 2 negative effects of urban sprawl. Flashback 9/26/12 pg. 35 ISN Describe 2 positive and 2 negative effects of urban sprawl.

Briefly explain the 3 ways that a city sprawls. Flashback 9/27/12 pg. 35 ISN Briefly explain the 3 ways that a city sprawls.

Flashback 9/28/12 pg. 35 ISN Briefly explain 3 responses (solutions) to sprawl that we have learned about in Toronto and Portland. Infill in Toronto where the urban core is razed and rebuilt. Smart Growth (mixed-use) where business and living space is together and Urban Growth boundaries beyond which sprawl cannot occur.

Flashback 10/1/12 pg. 42 ISN How are population density and Smart Growth related to each other?

Explain two ways the urban core changed because of sprawl. Flashback 10/3/12 pg. 42 ISN Explain two ways the urban core changed because of sprawl.

Name the kinds of infrastructure that are needed in order to sprawl. Flashback 10/2/12 pg. 42 ISN Name the kinds of infrastructure that are needed in order to sprawl.

What is the difference between an urban area and a rural area? Flashback 10/4/12 What is the difference between an urban area and a rural area?

Why is Versailles’ growth into the rural fringe not called sprawl? Flashback 10/5/12 pg. 42 ISN Why is Versailles’ growth into the rural fringe not called sprawl?

Why do we live where we live? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQSxPzafO_k&t=520s – Urban Geography: Why do we live where we live? United States vs. the “Old Country”

Patterns of Settlement Urban Rural

Patterns of settlement There was a time when the earth was 100 percent rural. With your shoulder partner what kind of world do you think that was?

Before cities Worldwide population was very low people lived in small groups and produced all or most of what they needed (food, clothing, etc.) people lived subsistence lifestyles; many were hunters & gatherers mostly nomadic subsistence- when a family or group produces everything it needs, but nothing else

What changed? (Causes of early urbanism) agricultural surplus: the point at which farmers can produce more food than they need for themselves- opposite of subsistence sedentary: staying in one place; not moving around investment in land: when people started building irrigation systems and planting crops, it made sense to stick around trade: urban centers grew around marketplaces

Shoulder partners So now to put it simply, what caused settlement to change from its original state? Farming

Ancient Cities: Trade & Urbanization Connected by trade networks (roads and sea routes) Often walled for protection Planned: Gridiron blocks of similar size straight streets very organized Unplanned: Organic growth blocks of different sizes curvy, winding streets

Settlement Patterns II Types of rural settlement A. Linear – along roads, rivers B. Dispersed – scattered buildings surrounded by farmland C. Nucleated – central settlement surrounded by field

Linear Rural Settlement

Dispersed Rural Settlement

Nucleated Rural Settlement

Shoulder partners Why do you think people today move from rural to urban areas? Over 80 percent of United States residents live in urban areas. 54 percent in the rest of the world.

Settlement Patterns Cont. III Types of Urban Settlement A. Urban core (CBD) – downtown retail, office, entertainment; high density housing B. Urban Fringe – (Suburbs) C. Rural Fringe – (Farmland)

3 circles of a city Urban Fringe Urban Core Rural Fringe

Urban Core Rural Fringe (Farm Land) Urban Fringe (Suburb)

Settlement changed beginning in the 1950s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wT_A9PFOY18 Levittown NY was the first suburb. He mass produced homes outside the urban core. Pair-Share and write: What caused the birth of suburbs? What were some of the pull factors to suburbs?

Settlement Patterns Ways in which humans are distributed across Earth’s land I Factors in settlement A. Physical Environment 1. Favorable Climate – most important 2. Land – elevation, soil B. Transportation 1. Seas and rivers 2. Railroads and highways C. Economics Jobs may move to suburbs D. Government Zoning

Turn to the Reading on Urbanization Read Urbanization and Populations on the Rise and complete the notes sheet The focus is its causes and the effects of it.

What effect will continued urban sprawl have on Phoenix?

Urban Sprawl An Overview

Shorter Definition: Development on rural land at the edge of a city. What IS urban sprawl? Urban Sprawl: Rapid, poorly-planned spread of development from an urban area into rural areas Shorter Definition: Development on rural land at the edge of a city.

Low Density: Single-family homes on large lots Three Types of Sprawl Low Density: Single-family homes on large lots

Ribbon: Single family homes on large lots that front an existing road. Three Types of Sprawl Ribbon: Single family homes on large lots that front an existing road. About one lot per 5 acres.

Three Types of Sprawl Leap Frog: Neighborhoods outside the city that are more dense. These developments aren’t directly connected to the rest of the city.

Pair-Share What do you think caused these types of urban sprawl?

Causes of Sprawl Strong Economy Population Growth Lack of Planning

Urban Sprawl Typically: Is low density Single use Creates heavy car dependency

Cheaper land Life-style Creates jobs More taxpayers Benefits of Sprawl : Cheaper land Life-style Creates jobs More taxpayers

Pair-Share Do you think there were negative effects from urban sprawl? What were they?

Harmful Effects of Sprawl: Loss of farmland Increase in taxes Loss of wildlife habitat Increase in air and water pollution Increase in obesity

Do you think Versailles is sprawling like other communities?

Versailles and Sprawl Size of Versailles has gone from 80 acres in 1793 to 288 acres in 1887 to 2800 acres today. Population in 1887 was about 4,500, today it is about 7,500. Population has increased 60 percent in 122 years, land use has increased 1,000 percent. 3 residents per acre today. About 20 residents per acre in 1887.

What are we doing about it? Versailles is working to avoid sprawl Created Planning and Zoning Commission in 1954 This meant that the city controlled how new neighborhoods could be built.

Urban Growth Lexington was first city in U.S.(1954) to establish an urban growth boundary. This kept the city from sprawling uncontrollably.

“Smart Growth” City is walker and mass-transit friendly. Includes neighborhood retail and commercial business. Preserves open space.

Chapter 5 Questions 1. Which city has been most effective in controlling sprawl? Why? 2. Which has been least effective and why? 3. Are we likely to see the same living patterns 50 years from now? If so, why. If not what will be the change? 4. Which response to sprawl seems to have been used most in the 3 cities we looked at?

Video Questions pg. 39 ISN 1. What are the myths related to a higher quality of life in the suburbs? Pollution is mostly from cars which abound in suburbia. There are more traffic accidents and fatalities in suburbia Clean water sources may be affected by concrete runoff and industrial waste 2. What does sustainable mean? Using resources today but not using them up 3. What is infrastructure? Necessary public facilities needed for growth (water, gas and telephone lines, streets…)

Urban Sprawl Wrapup pg. 89 GA Look at map on pages 90-91 GA. What interesting details do you see? What do the different color dots represent? Which have the most urban areas? Europe. Then Asia, North America, So. America. India, U.S., China, Brazil and Japan are the countries.

Urban Sprawl wrap-up continued In your ISN write this and answer: What are the physical and human factors that determine where many or few people live? Climate and landform type. What landform types? Economic opportunity Mountains, deserts, rainforests

Urban Sprawl Wrap-up Why are there so many large cities in the world? Why so many urban areas over 5 million in Asia? What challenges do metropolitan areas have because of growth? Read page 90 GA

The End