Cotton Production Workshop New Herbicides Burndown Early Season Weed Control Late-Season Weed Control Nutsedge Morningglorries Grasses and Pigweeds Tropical Spiderwort Photo from Webster, Grady Co. 2003

Syngenta Confidential and Proprietary Envoke Positioning New broad-spectrum herbicide for post emergence and post-directed weed control Can be used on conventional, RR and BXN cotton Excellent activity on many weeds sicklepod, morningglory, cocklebur, nutsedge Syngenta Confidential and Proprietary

Zorial PRE + Envoke 0.0047 LB A/A 14 DAT

Control of 4-trifoliate RR soybean to Staple and Envoke. 35 DAT Control of 4-trifoliate RR soybean to Staple and Envoke. 35 DAT. York, 2002. No Staple 1.2 oz 0.05 oz 0.075 oz 0.10 oz or Envoke Staple Envoke Envoke Envoke

Major Weed Concerns with Envoke Suppression Croton Palmer Peanut NO Control Sida Groundcherry Pusley Smallflower mg Grasses Spiderwort

Smallflower Morningglory Control. 14 DAT. Turner Co. glyphosate Envoke

Application Information, cont. Application timing is fully expanded fifth-leaf stage cotton or later. Additives-post over the top of cotton Tank mixes with surfactants other than high quality NIS with a minimum of 80% surface active agent may cause injury Syngenta Confidential and Proprietary

Brown 2DAT. RDC, 2003.

Application Information, cont. Additives-post over the top of cotton Tank mixes with surfactants other than high quality NIS with a minimum of 80% surface active agent may cause injury Do not tankmix Envoke with any other herbicide, insecticide, PGR, fertilizer or additives other than NIS Do not tankmix Envoke with EC formulated products Organophosphate applications Allow a 24-hour interval between malathion/OP and Envoke applications Syngenta Confidential and Proprietary

Syngenta Confidential and Proprietary Envoke 0.1 oz/A. Tifton, 2003. Syngenta Confidential and Proprietary

Syngenta Confidential and Proprietary NORTH CAROLINA Syngenta Confidential and Proprietary A. York, NCSU

RR Cotton Response to Envoke. Five Locs, 6 Reps, 2003. Location Visual Injury* Height Effects Boll Set Effects Yield Effects Lewiston, NC 20% No Rocky Mt, NC 13% Alexandria, LA 60% 17% Stats? Plains, GA <10 Tifton, GA 9% ?? *Visual injury within 7-12 day of application. Envoke over 6-8 leaf cotton.

RR Cotton Yield Response to Envoke. Alexandria, LA. 2003 Significant??? Need to Contrast??? 3682 3424 seed lbs/A Prowl + Cotoran applied PRE. WeatherMax OT at 1 and 4 leaf. Caparol + MSMA LPD.

Envoke Injury is an Issue and University Personnel are Uncomfortable. Use on limited acreage and follow label recommendations.

Rotational Restrictions on Envoke Crop Months Wheat 3 Corn 7 Grain sorghum 7 Peanut 7 Soybean 7 Tobacco 7 Bell pepper 12 Irish potato 12 Others 18

Linex Directed spray minimizing contact with cotton 1 to 1.5 pt when cotton is 6 to 8 inches tall 2 to 3 pt when cotton is 20 inches tall Manufacturer suggest better grass control compared to diuron or prometryn More expensive than diuron or prometryn

Linex-Carryover Issues?? Any crop may be planted 4 months after application except for cerals where only barley, oats, rye and wheat may be planted

Diuron Carryover

Linex Directed In Cotton?? 1. Really don’t see a fit for GA Linex 1 pt/A + Direx 1 pt/A + MSMA? Layby Pro??

Liberty Link (2004) Ignite Herbicide (32 to 40 oz) Cotton obtained registration Apply from emergence up to early bloom Apply in minimum of 15 GPA Can be applied under hood in other cotton Can mix Dual or Staple applied POST

Liberty + Dual Magnum Ty Ty, GA, 2003

Syngenta Confidential and Proprietary Liberty + Staple TyTy GA, 2003 Syngenta Confidential and Proprietary

LL vs RR Systems Focus LL RR Timing flexibility  Morningglory  Smartweed  Hemp sesbania  Grasses  Nutsedge  Pigweeds  Perennials  Dayflower X X Florida pusley X X

Liberty 32 oz/A on vol. peanut

non-treated Liberty (27.4 oz/A) LL cotton trial, TyTy, 2001.

Palmer must be small for Liberty

Liberty 32 oz/A

Half Rate of Liberty LL Cotton RR Cotton

Possible Liberty Link Systems Yellow herbicide at plant, Ignite 1-2 leaf topical, Ignite 6-8 leaf topical, timely directed 2. Yellow plus Cotoran or Staple, Ignite timely 3-6 leaf,

Sequence Herbicide Expect registration 1Q04 Touchdown K+ salt plus Dual Magnum Popular use rate 2.5 pints/A = 0.70 lbae glyphosate and 0.94 lb/A SMOC

Sequence in Cotton Preemerge in AR, KS, LA, MS, NM, OK, TN, TX and Bootheel of MO

Do Not Use Dual PRE on Georgia Soils Dual Magnum PRE

Sequence in Cotton RR cotton- Postemergence, post directed, hooded applications Post applications on 2 inch cotton up until the 5th leaf reaches size of quarter..don’t add adjuvants Post directed applications on cotton less than 12”

Early POST application. Attapulgus, 2003. Touchdown Sequence Early POST application. Attapulgus, 2003.

Cotton Response to Glyphosate + Dual* heavy dew no dew *Application with dew applied 7 am. Application without dew applied 11 am.

Generic Metolachlors Dual Magnum 1 to 1.3 pt/A Old Dual 8 E Several products are available BUT there is a problems!!!!!! Dual Magnum 1 to 1.3 pt/A Old Dual 8 E 1.6 to 2 pt/A Generics (old 8 E)

Syngenta Confidential and Proprietary

Syngenta Confidential and Proprietary Active ingredients: Prometryn 79.3% Trifloxysulfuron-sodium (TSS) 0.70% 1.0-1.5 lb/A use rate 1.25 Suprend= 0.2 oz Envoke + 2 pts Caparol Application: 8 to10 leaf cotton through lay-by Syngenta Confidential and Proprietary

Valor Currently registered for preplant burndown in cotton; anticipate changes in waiting intervals between application and planting Label for in-crop use on cotton anticipated prior to 2004 use season

Valor Label Changes Pertaining to Burndown* Use in minimum tillage: 1 oz rate, 14-day waiting period 2 oz rate, 21-day waiting period * Anticipated changes by use season

Valor In-Season Use on Cotton* Hoods or Shields: cotton minimum of 6 inches; no contact with cotton plant Lay-by Application: cotton minimum of 18 inches; minimum of 4 inches of bark; direct to lower 2 inches of bark; do not contact green stem tissue Weed size: 2 to 6 inches, most species 4 inches * Anticipated labeling

Valor In-Season Use on Cotton* Use only in tank mixture with glyphosate or MSMA 1 to 2 oz Valor + glyphosate 2 oz Valor + MSMA Add nonionic surfactant (0.25%); do not use COC, MSO, or organo-silicone type adjuvants; no mention of not using surfactant when mixing with loaded glyphosate One-hour rainfast No major rotational restrictions of concern?? * Anticipated labeling

What will it do? Valor Under Hoods or Lay-by Excellent POST broadleaf control in GA research; Valor/glyphosate tank mix has looked particularly good With 2-oz rate, anticipate about 4 wks residual control of Eclipta Florida pusley Prickly sida Lambsquarters Nightshade Pigweed, redroot and smooth

Large Morningglory Response to Layby Herbicides. 5 DAT. Irwin Co Large Morningglory Response to Layby Herbicides. 5 DAT. Irwin Co., GA, 2001. Roundup UltraMax 1.6 pt UltraMax 1.6 pt + Valor 1 oz *Trial conducted on farm in Irwin County with Gibbs Wilson.

Layby – Tropic Croton & Beggarweed Turner County, GA – 22 DAT UTC Valor @ 2 oz + MSMA @ 2.0 lb + NIS

APPLY ONLY TO BARKEY COTTON THAT IS AT LEAST 18 INCHES APPLY ONLY TO BARKEY COTTON THAT IS AT LEAST 18 INCHES. MINIMIZE CONTACT WITH COTTON.

Layby Rig Single flood jet nozzle per row, spraying the row middle and directed to lower two inches of the stem

Layby Rig One to three nozzles under hood and one on each side of the hood per row, spraying the row middle and directed to lower two inches of the stem

ET 751 Limited to NO University Research Burndown?? Hooded Application, test to learn for layby? 0.5 to 1 oz/A when mixed with glyphosate Is it really similar to Aim for weeds????

New Glyphosate Products? Touchdown Total (4.17 lb ae) Touchdown High Tech (5 lb ae) Sequence

Couple Contaminated Glyphosate Products in 2003

Cotton Burndown What Spray Tips to Use???

Primrose Response to Herbicides and Various Spray Tips. Tifton, GA 2003. 35 days after treatment Flat Fan AI Flat Fan AI % control WeatherMax 22 oz/A + 2,4-D 1 pt/A Primrose 6 inch at time of application.

Primrose Response to Herbicides and Various Spray Tips. Tifton, GA 2003. 35 days after treatment * * Flat Fan AI Flat Fan AI % control RU + Valor 1 oz/A + Crop Oil Primrose 6 inch at time of application. * Denotes significant difference between comparison.

Primrose Response to Valor Mixtures Using Various Spray Tips Primrose Response to Valor Mixtures Using Various Spray Tips. TyTy GA, 2003. Flat Fan AI Valor @ 1 oz + RUWM @ 22 floz

Drift impacted over ½ million dollars worth of vegetables in 2003!!!!! Roundup on cantaloupe Drift impacted over ½ million dollars worth of vegetables in 2003!!!!!

Two most troublesome weeds??

Cutleaf Eveningprimrose 1. 2,4-D, glyphosate + 2,4-D, paraquat + 2,4-D 2. glyphosate + Valor or Clarity, paraquat + Direx* *Primrose must be mature and in bloom

Primrose Response to 2,4-D Amine (4 lb/gal). Tifton, GA 2003. 42 days after treatment 1 pt/A 0.75 pt/A 0.5 pt/A 0.25 pt/A % control Primrose 6-9”, prebloom

Primrose Response to 2,4-D Amine (4 lb/gal). Tifton, GA 2003. 30 days after treatment 1 pt/A 0.75 pt/A 0.5 pt/A 0.25 pt/A % control Primrose 16-20”, fullbloom

Primrose Response to 2,4-D Amine (4 lb/gal). Tifton, GA 2003. 30-35 days after treatment + 0.25 pt of 2,4-D + 0.25 pt of 2,4-D % control Gramoxone + Caparol + COC RU + Valor Primrose 6-9 inches and prebloom.

Primrose Response to Gramoxone. Tifton, GA 2003. 30 to 35 days after treatment + Direx alone + Direx % control alone 6-9” prebloom 16-20” full bloom Paraquat and Direx applied at 1 qt/A. COC at 1 qt/A included with all treatments.

Summary - Wild radish 1. glyphosate + 2,4-D, Harmony Extra paraquat + 2,4-D, Direx, Harmony Extra 2. glyphosate + Valor, Direx 3. glyphosate

Radish Impact on Cotton Stand. Ty Ty, GA 2003. ab b c plants per foot 28 21 14 7 Days WeatherMax Applied Prior to Planting DP 555 B/RR No effect on yield.

Two Glyphosate Applications Picture from Clete Youmans.

Burndown Programs Early Feb: 0.5 to 1 pt 2,4-D for primrose 1 to 1.5 pt 2,4-D for radish 1.5+ pt 2,4-D for horseweed 2. Follow with: (check plant back restrictions) glyphosate alone or with Prowl/Valor paraquat alone or with Direx/Prowl

Burndown Programs Roundup + 0.5 to 0.75 pt 2,4-D. 2. Gramoxone + Direx + 0.25 pt 2,4-D 3. Roundup + Valor + 0.25 pt 2,4-D Add Prowl in SYSTEM for added pusley and control. Out of luck if have Roundup Resistant Horseweed!!!

2,4-D Plantback at 30 Days Barrage HF (4.7 L): Apply 6 to 13 oz/A. 2. Salvo (5 L): Apply 6 to 12 oz/A Unfortunately they are both ester formulations!

Primrose Response to Ignite. Tifton, GA 2003. 35 days after treatment % control 28 oz/A 32 oz/A 28 oz/A 32 oz/A Primrose 6-9”, prebloom Primrose 16-20”, fullbloom

Early Season Weed Competition 2 inch weeds 5 inch weeds 8 inch weeds Application Timing

Early Season Weed Competition: 1 inch none 2152 lb/A 2880 lb/A Controlled all weeds 3 weeks prior to planting. Loss of 23%.

Topical RR Options Glyphosate 2. Glyhphosate + Staple 3. Glyphosate + Dual (Sequence)

Dual vs. Staple in Glyphosate Topical Mixtures* Weed Dual Staple Annual grasses ++ Dayflower species ++ + Florida pusley + Morningglory ++ Nutsedge + Palmer amaranth ++ ++ Sicklepod Cost of treatment ? ? *Assuming proper postemergence rates and application.

Cotton Injury From Glyphosate + Dual Injury Range

Glyphosate + Staple. 4 DAT. Tifton, GA

RR Cotton Response to Staple Plus. Five Locs, 6 Reps, 2003. Location Visual Injury* Height Effects Boll Set Effects Yield Effects Lewiston, NC <5% No Rocky Mt, NC <9% Alexandria, LA 9-13% Yes Plains, GA Tifton, GA 36-37% ?? No?? *Visual injury within 8 day of application.

Glyphosate + Staple. 4 DAT. Tifton, GA

RR Cotton Height Response to WeatherMax alone or mixed with Staple RR Cotton Height Response to WeatherMax alone or mixed with Staple. Tifton, GA. 2003 7 DAT WeatherMax + Staple 0.6 oz/A + Staple 0.9 oz/A Height (cm) Cotton height reduced by 17% Cotton height reduced by 22% Prowl + Cotoran applied PRE. WeatherMax OT at 1 leaf. Caparol + MSMA LPD.

RR Cotton Height Response to WeatherMax alone or mixed with Staple RR Cotton Height Response to WeatherMax alone or mixed with Staple. Tifton, GA. 2003 14 DAT WeatherMax + Staple 0.6 oz/A + Staple 0.9 oz/A Height (cm) Cotton height reduced by 18% Cotton height reduced by 18% Prowl + Cotoran applied PRE. WeatherMax OT at 1 leaf. Caparol + MSMA LPD.

RR Cotton Height Response to WeatherMax alone or mixed with Staple RR Cotton Height Response to WeatherMax alone or mixed with Staple. Tifton, GA. 2003 In NC, LA, and Plains there was not even a hint of a negative yield effect when mixing Staple with WeatherMax and applying overtop of 4- to 5-leaf cotton. Prowl + Cotoran applied PRE. WeatherMax OT at 1 leaf. Caparol + MSMA LPD.

RR Cotton Height Response to WeatherMax alone or mixed with Staple RR Cotton Height Response to WeatherMax alone or mixed with Staple. Tifton, GA. 2003 WeatherMax + Staple 0.6 oz/A + Staple 0.9 oz/A Seed yld (lb/A) NS NS Prowl + Cotoran applied PRE. WeatherMax OT at 1 leaf. Caparol + MSMA LPD.

Glyphosate + Staple. 4 DAT. Tifton, GA IF POSSIBLE: Avoid high amounts of dew Avoid WET conditions Avoid cool nights Don’t add additional adjuvants 4 DAT. Tifton, GA

Will we ever quit going over the top of RR cotton after the 5th leaf stage??

Seed Cotton Yield Response to Glyphosate Applied Topically Seed Cotton Yield Response to Glyphosate Applied Topically. Grady County, 2003. Ru @ 4lf and LPD Lb/A + RU @ 8- to 9-leaf -37% Prowl applied PRE over entire study

Late-Season Weed Control!! *Large number of effective options *Apply glyphosate very precisely *Consider some 3 way conventional mixtures *Use products that offer residual control, especially for many of our grassy and pigweed fields

Morningglory Continues to be Troublesome to Georgia Growers? At plant: Cotoran, Direx, Staple Early Post: Glyphosate, Staple, Staple Plus, Envoke, Liberty Directed: MSMA plus Caparol, Cobra, Cotoran, Direx, Goal, Staple, Suprend, Linex, glyphosate plus Aim, Caparol, Direx, Harvade, Staple, Valor, ET 751

Morningglory Continues to be Troublesome to Georgia Growers? Timeliness of application (i.e. large at time of application) No residual in the system

Residual Morningglory Control? Cotoran Direx Staple Caparol

Fairly common scene at harvest across the state

Two Possible Issues? Pigweed is to large at time of layby Pigweed comes up after layby

Two Possible Issues? Pigweed is to large at time of layby a) add a preemergence herbicide such a yellow herbicide, Cotoran, Staple b) Add Dual or Staple in at early POST

Two Possible Issues? 2. Pigweed comes up after layby a) use layby option with residual activity such as Direx, Caparol, Prowl

Nutsedge in RR Cotton Glyphosate cot. to 1-leaf Glyphosate 4 to 5-leaf Layby with MSMA mixture, or if large grass glyphosate mixture Consider adding Envoke into the program after the 5th leaf stage of cotton production.

Spiderworts rank as Georgia’s Most troublesome weeds in cotton 1999: not ranked 2001: ninth 2003: number 1 2004: number 1, 2, and 3

So what should we do for fallow control?? Spray within three weeks after emergence (Aim, Gramoxone mixtures, 2,4-D) If spiderwort is extremely large: 2,4-D 1 qt/A followed by Gramoxone couple weeks later disking?????

Potential Cotton Program at this time???? Plant early Plant aggressively growing cultivar (shade soil early) Reduce seed production after other crops!!!!!!! Reduce the alarming rate of spread!!!!!!!! 5. Cotoran PRE (if planting at or near time of emergence) 6. Glyphosate + Dual early POST (Backbone of program) 7. Direx, Valor, or Caporol + MSMA (add Aim if weed bigger than 3 inches) (add more Dual if cotton is less than 12 inches)

Questions?