The Black Death: Plague in Medieval Europe

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Presentation transcript:

The Black Death: Plague in Medieval Europe Mrs. Watson Kraemer Middle School

What is the “Black Death”? Nickname for the plague: an infectious, deadly disease that killed up to ½ Europe’s population, beginning in 1347.

Where did the plague originate? From Southeast Asia (beginning ~1320), the plague traveled across the Silk Road to Constantinople, and then to Europe. Plague bacteria is carried inside fleas, who rode on camels & horses with merchants, then jumped on rats, who traveled on ships to the cities of Europe.

How do people become infected? – Bubonic Plague Bacteria, carried in fleas Fleas bite you, bacteria enters blood stream

What are the symptoms of Bubonic Plague ? High fever Convulsions Vomiting Buboes Swelling of lymph nodes

What is the prognosis for people with Bubonic Plague? 65 – 80% of infected people died Death within 3-5 days of infection

How was Pneumonic Plague different? It affected the lungs (“pneumo”) Spread easily: person-to-person by sneezing, coughing, speaking or breathing Symptoms did not include buboes, did include difficulty breathing; feeling of drowning 100% fatal – within hours!

Who was susceptible to the plague? Everyone! Men & women Young & old Rich & poor

What remedies did medieval people try to avoid, treat or cure the plague? Religious Ideas: Punishment from God Give alms to the Church Prohibit swearing on the Sabbath Whip yourself in penance for sins Punish Jews as scapegoats (blame)

What remedies did medieval people try to avoid, treat or cure the plague? Psychological Ideas: Avoid fear, worry, sadness & anger Wealth: Drink molten gold, powdered emeralds

What remedies did medieval people try to avoid, treat or cure the plague? Change the Air (for better or worse): Fill homes with flowers & rose-water Inhale through hand-held smelling apples Break up stagnant air by releasing birds Burn green woods for smoke fumigation Keep stinks of dead animals in house Regularly inhale the stench from privies to clear your lungs

What remedies did medieval people try to avoid, treat or cure the plague? (Semi-) Medical Ideas: Blood-letting to rid the body of ill humors Leaches, cutting Do not bathe (opens pores to bad air) Bathe in urine Use of pastes to cover & protect skin/pores

Which ideas were effective? Burn the clothes/bedding of diseased people. Limit contact with people. Avoid markets, church, funerals… Leave town for isolated areas with clean air.

Effects of the Plague on Medieval Society 1/3 – ½ of the population was killed Not enough labor left to bring in harvests & do needed work Those who would work were few, so they could demand higher wages Serfs revolted & left for cities Feudalism weakened

Does plague still exist today? Yes! Bubonic plague only Carried by gray squirrels & kangaroo rats (vermin) Treated and cured with antibiotics