The Circulatory System & The Lymphatic System Ms. Edwards

The Cardiovascular System Consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. Carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products from cells. Contains cells that fight disease (white blood cells or WBCs).

Delivering Needed Materials Removing Waste Products Blood carries oxygen from your lungs to your body cells. Blood transports glucose to your cells so they can make energy. Removing Waste Products Blood takes carbon dioxide wastes from cells to lungs.

The Heart The heart is a hollow muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body. Each time the heart beats it pumps blood through your cardiovascular system.

Heart Structure The right side of the heart is completely separated from the left side by the septum. Atria- upper chambers of the heart Ventricles- lower chambers of the heart Pacemaker- group of heart cells that send out signals to make the heart beat. Valve- flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing backward.

Blood Vessels Your body has 3 types of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries. Arteries- carry blood away from heart. Veins- carry blood towards heart. Capillaries- tiny vessels where substances are exchanged.

Two Loops 1st loop- Blood travels from heart to lungs then back to heart (pulmonary circulation). 2nd loop- Blood travels from heart to body and back to heart (systemic circulation). Right side of heart pumps to lungs. Left side of heart pumps to body.

- Food and Energy Loop One- Pulmonary One drop of blood takes only one minute to make the entire trip around the body! Loop Two- Systemic

Arteries When blood leaves the heart it travels through arteries. Coronary arteries- branch off aorta and carry blood to heart. Artery walls are very thick! They have to withstand high pressure from the heart’s pumping.

Pulse Caused by alternating expansion and relaxation of artery walls. Artery pulses = heartbeats Layer of muscle in arteries acts as a gate. They can get wider or more narrow depending on body’s blood supply needs.

Capillaries Where materials are exchanged between blood and body’s cells. Diffusion- when particles move from high to low concentration.

Veins Carry oxygen-poor blood back to heart. Have thick walls, but not as thick as arteries. Have less pressure from heart’s pumping. Veins need help! - Skeletal muscles help move blood - Valves- prevent backflow of blood

Blood Vessels - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels The walls of arteries and veins have three layers. The walls of capillaries are only one cell thick.

- A Closer Look at Blood Vessels Artery and Vein In this photo, you can compare the wall of an artery with the wall of a vein.

Blood Pressure Blood exerts a force called blood pressure (BP) against the walls of blood vessels. Caused by the force of the ventricles contracting. As blood moves away from heart, blood pressure decreases. Arteries have higher BP than veins.

Measuring Blood Pressure Sphygmomanometer- measures BP, expressed in millimeters of Mercury Cuff is wrapped around upper arm until blood flow stops. Pressure is released and 2 numbers are recorded: 120 80 Systolic (when ventricles contract) Diastolic (when ventricles relax)

Blood and Lymph Blood- has 4 parts: plasma, red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. Plasma- liquid part of blood. - Water makes up 90% of plasma. - Carries nutrients - Carries chemical messages - Removes wastes - Looks yellow because of proteins

Red Blood Cells (RBCs) RBCs take oxygen in lungs to body. Thin in center so they can bend easily. Made mostly of Hemoglobin, which contains iron. Hemoglobin + oxygen makes cells bright red. No nuclei = cannot reproduce or repair themselves. Life span = 120 days. Made in bone marrow.

White Blood Cells (WBCs) Body’s disease fighters. Fewer WBCs in blood than RBCs. 1 WBC for every 500 to 1,000 RBCs. Larger than RBCs. Have nuclei, Life span = months to years

Platelets Help blood clot. Fragments of blood cells. Platelets rush to wound and release chemicals that cause chain reaction. Fibrin- a protein that forms a net across wound; gives platelets a place to stick. Scab- dried blood clot on the skin’s surface.

Blood - Blood and Lymph Blood consists of liquid plasma and three kinds of cells—red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Blood Types First blood transfusion- performed by Karl Landsteiner in early 1900s. Four types of blood: - A, B, AB, O Blood types are determined by marker proteins on red blood cells. Plasma has clumping proteins (antibodies) that cause foreign markers to clump together.

Blood Types - Blood and Lymph The marker molecules on your red blood cells determine your blood type and the type of blood that you can safely receive in transfusions. Type 0- Universal Donor; Type AB- Universal Recipient

Rh Factor A marker on RBCs. 85 % of people have Rh marker (Rh +) 15 % of people lack Rh marker (Rh -) If you are Rh - and receive Rh + blood, it will clump and could kill you.

Cardiovascular Health Atherosclerosis- condition in which artery walls thicken as a result of fatty material build-up. Heart attack- occurs when blood flow to one part of the heart is blocked. Hypertension- high blood pressure (140/90 mmHg or higher). - Makes the heart work harder. - Limit salt intake

Cardiovascular Health Exercise! Avoid fatty foods! Don’t smoke! Limit salt intake!

- Blood and Lymph The Lymphatic System The lymphatic system is a network of veinlike vessels that returns the fluid to the bloodstream.

Lymphatic System A network of vein-like vessels that return fluid that leaks out of blood vessels back to the bloodstream. Lymph- fluid in the lymphatic system Has no pump- lymph moves slowly Nodes- small knobs of tissue that filter lymph and trap bacteria. Enlarge when you are sick.