Ohio Learning Standard #6 *Enlightened thinkers applied REASON to discover natural laws guiding human nature in socio-political systems and in establishment of institutions

Application of Scientific Thought to other realms of Life (Society & Politics) Newton – Search for Reason - Natural Laws Descartes – Deductive Reasoning (Rationalism) Bacon – Inductive Reasoning (Empiricism) - Scientific Methodology of Study

The Enlightenment Intellectual movement that swept thru Europe along with Scientific Revolution - focused on R____________ society away from the dogmatic/intolerant ways that had been so pervasive during the Middle Ages/Feudalism

Intellectual interchange of Ideas Challenging traditional ideas/practices developed thru emphasizing Sc______ M_______ in many different areas including Business/Economics and Socio-Political (Govt) “R____________” approach emphasizing In___________ exchange of ideas applied to making decisions on how to make society better … P__________

Freedom to use Intelligence What is Enlightenment? … can be described as simply as: “freedom to use one's own intelligence” (Immanuel Kant)

Philosophers Based on Scientific Inquiry - thinkers/writers of period tried to overturn traditional concepts (inevitability of Poor) & introduce new ideals like R______ & L_______ for all

Classic Work = Leviathan (Hobbes) Human Nature leads to conflict (War) To avoid this and progress as society … Gov is necessary Most efficient Gov is one in which leadership is sovereign (Monarchy) Is ultimately in control of all things (military, law making, economy, religion) Rule over people thru Social Contract

Individual Freedoms Reformers adhered to such ideas as Democracy, Equality, individual Liberty & universal P______ education View that legitimate Govt power must be representative - based on consent of people - found in C_____________

Continued Spread of Protestantism … Desire of ordinary people to have greater individual control of their religious experience Lutheranism across Germany Methodism (John Wesley) Reform Movement (Dutch & Scandanavia) Anglicanism in England Puritans & Quakers in England

God was present in Creation of Nature … but put in place Natural Laws allowing Earth to function on its own