How to properly cite ideas that are NOT your own in your writing Quotations How to properly cite ideas that are NOT your own in your writing

Quotation (n) a group of words taken from a text or speech and repeated by someone other than the original author or speaker.

How do we use Quotations? We use quotations in our writing: As an introduction technique to get the reader interested in our topic As specific support for a major supporting point

How long is a quotation? A quote can be very short (part of a sentence) A quote can be very long (a full paragraph)

Rules 1. ALWAYS name the author of the quote you are using. 2. ALWAYS put “quotation marks” around the quoted material 3. ALWAYS put final punctuation at the end of the quotation INSIDE the “quotation marks.”

Rules 4. When you quote a FULL SENTENCE, place a comma after the reporting verb that introduces the quotation. Ms. Henry said, “It will be very hard to fail this class if you put effort into your work.”

Rules 5. When you quote PART of a sentence, do not place a comma before the quotation OR use a capital letter at the beginning of the quote. Ms. Henry said she “hates failing students.”

Rules 6. If you quote MORE than one full sentence, place a comma after the reporting verb that introduces the quote and punctuate the sentences inside the quotation normally. Ms. Henry said, “It will be very hard to fail this class if you put effort into your work. If you have trouble in class, please just ask for help and you will get it.” Yes, it looks like a weird, run-on sentence, but it is NOT!

Rules 7. When you introduce a quote from a text, you can use either WROTE or SAID (past tense) OR WRITES or SAYS (present tense). The textbook said, “You must also identify the source of the quotation by giving the author’s name.” The textbook says, “You must also identify the source of the quotation by giving the author’s name.”

Rules 8. You CANNOT change the language inside quotation marks – you have to use EXACTLY the same words as your source!!!!!

Rules 8(b). If you need to shorten (delete) some of the text in the quotation, you use ellipsis (…) to show that YOU made changes to the original text.

Ellipsis … (three periods – no more, no less) Used to show you have removed (omitted) words or phrases or whole sentences from a quotation. The textbook says, “You must also identify the source…by giving the author’s name.” The textbook says you must list the source “by giving the author’s name.” (You don’t need ellipsis at the beginning of a partial sentence quotation)

Ellipsis If you omit parts of a sentence, make sure the remaining parts still make sense on their own. If you omit the end of a sentence, use an ellipsis (…) + a period at the end of the sentence (.) (you’ll have 4 dots in a row)

Quotations Inside Quotations When you want to quote a sentence that already includes a quotation, place a ‘single quotation marks’ (apostrophes) around the existing quotation. Hayden wrote, “Fleming named the substance penicillin and expressed wonder at his good fortune when he said, ‘There are thousands of different molds and there are thousands of different bacteria, and that chance put the mold in the right spot at the right time was like winning [the lottery].’”

Homework: Complete the worksheet handout. Due Date: Thursday.