French Language Rights Chapter 4 To what extent has Canada affirmed collective rights? Métis Rights French Language Rights First Nations Rights

Collective Rights http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tvbvW60f9vo&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KvEwupt0G-Q

Focus Questions How does the Charter recognize collective rights in Canada? What laws recognize the collective rights of First Nations peoples? What collective rights do official language groups have under the Charter; in Quebec and in minority settings? What laws recognize the collective rights of the Métis?

Glossary Terms Add the following terms into your glossary sheets. Collective Rights: These are rights held by certain groups in Canadian society and protected and recognized under the Charter. These groups were given these rights because they represent the founding peoples of Canada. Such as: First Nations, Métis, Inuit, Francophone's, and Anglophones. Example of a Collective Right: Language rights for French Speaking individuals in Canada.

The Indian Act Passed in 1876, the Indian Act was major factor which contributed to the assimilation of First nations people. One way it did this was to define who was and who was not a “Status Indian” someone who was recognized by the act and could receive benefits. The Act also outlawed certain cultural ceremonies such as the sun dance.

Residential Schools Residential schools were established in the 1880’s and were a way for the government to forcibly assimilate aboriginal youth. They were taught to abandon their language, religion, and cultural beliefs. The children were ordered to attend the schools, Indian Agents (gov workers) were assigned to ensure the kids were taken by whatever means necessary.

Residential Schools Over 150 000 children were sent to one of 80 residential schools until the schools began closing in the 1960’s and finally in 1996. Stories of sexual and physical abuse are still felt by survivors and many report a feeling of alienation from their own people.

Residential Schools On June 11th, 2008, the Canadian government officially apologized for the use of residential schools in Canada. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_V4d7sXoqU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ryC74bbrEE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQ_qiCt7tHw

Truth and Reconciliation The Indian Residential Schools Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was established on June 1, 2008, with a mandate of 5 years. It has traveled the country to hear stories of abuse in the hope to both educate and heal. It is estimated that over 3000 kids died in the schools http://www.trc.ca/websites/trcinstitution/index.php?p=3

Individual Rights vs. Collective Rights These are rights that are granted to all Canadians regardless of their backgrounds. Fundamental Freedoms, Democratic Rights, Mobility Rights, Legal Rights and Equality Rights apply and are granted to ALL Canadians under the Charter. Collective Rights These rights are protected under the Charter and based on historical agreements between the government and First Nations, Inuit, French, or Métis peoples. Collective rights are only given to the groups mentioned above and NOT granted to all Canadians.

Sovereignty Sovereignty: independence as a people; includes the power to control your self. Often seen as the power to hold Self Government. Sovereignty has led to war ad death, but also to hope and independence. Collective Identity: a feeling or identity that unites a group of people.

What, Who, Why What are they: Special rights held by the founding nations of Canada. Who holds them: Francophone, Metis, First Nations, Inuit, Anglophones Why some not others: They recognize the founding nations of the country.

Treaties First Nations-> name used for the diverse group of Aboriginal people in Canada. Indian-> word used by early European settlers. Treaty- An agreement made between first nations people’s and the Canadian Gov.

Numbered Treaties The Royal Proclamation of 1763 ended the 7 years war and officially gave the British control over what is now Canada. It recognized the right of First Nations people and Francophones to control their own land and keep their culture alive.

Treaties First Nations people’s agreed to share lands and resources with the Canadian Gov. in exchange for peace and certain privileges. Ex. Reserves: land exclusively for First Nations people’s to carry on their way of life. Annuities: annual payments to specific members of a tribe.

Treaties For First Nations people’s, treaties are seen as sacred, they are a bond that unites two groups and must be honored. They are seen as a legitimate agreement, not a concession of power or of land, but rather, a partnership.

Treaties 6,7,8 You will be going to the computer lab to do some research on some major Canadian treaties. You will be researching treaties 6,7,8. For each treaty, find the following: 1. When/why it was written 2. What were the major issues dealt with 3. What did each side gain from the treaty. 4. How do you think this treaty has affected the relationship between the Canadian Gov and Aboriginal people today?

Treaties 6-7-8 Aspects of the treaties: 1. Health care 2. Education 3. Hunting and Fishing Rights 4. Creation of Reserves 5. Farming Assistance 6. Annuities

The Indian Act http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uaubXDSgAxg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oog3wi0AbKY

Perspectives The Canadian Gov believes that first nations people’s gave up their land, while first nations people disagree because land is not anyone’s to give up. Most First Nations history was passed down, generation to generation orally in their own languages, however, the gov. recorded all treaties in English. This led to many discrepancies.

Page 126 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UPzNql3nv_0 Read P 126, write a 2-3 sentence summary for each case study as to why treaties were signed. We will create our own notes off of this.

The Indian Act Notes P 137 Indian Act of Canada, was a law designed to integrate “Indians” in Canada into the mainstream economy and culture. Policy of Assimilation. Introduced in 1876, the act allowed the Canadian government almost complete control over how Indians lived and interacted with non-Indians. The treaties signed showed the responsibility of the government to protect First Nations collective rights.

Indian Act The Indian act created Reserves, as well as Indian Agents that would decide how the government was to fulfill its duty. Indian Agents: People assigned by the government to control and run reserves. This was a time when the government did not have to consult First Nations people in order to make decisions regarding their way of life. Ethnocentrism.

Indian Act https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pHefD-cdTxU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uaubXDSgAxg

Collective Rights Official Language Community: one of the groups in Canadian society whose members speak an official language in Canada. (either French or English). The right for a person to be educated in their own language is a right that has been pursued for 200 years.

Collective Rights Official Language Minority: a group that speaks one of Canada’s official languages (Eng or Fr.) but does not make up a majority population in their province or territory. There are pockets of OLM all over the country. Ex. Francophones in Alberta

Bilingualism http://archives.cbc.ca/on_this_day/10/17/ Official Bilingualism: section 16-20 of the charter guarantee bilingual rights in Canada. Section 23 states that “minority language speakers in a province are entitled to publically funded schools in their language so long as they are of a sufficient size”.

Francophone Past 1774: Quebec Act- recognizes the rights of Francohpnes. 1867: BNA Act- creates country 1969: Official Languages Act- recognizes Fr + Eng as official languages of Canada. 1982: C.O.R.A.F established.

Francophone Education The BNA Act made Canada bicultural and bilingual. It included Protestant education for the minority in Quebec and Catholic education for the rest of the minorities across the country.

Cause and Effect In groups of 2-3 create a cause and effect chart regarding the affirmation of rights for aboriginals in Canada. You must have 3 causes, and for each cause, 4-5 possible effects. We will be covering these in class.

The Manitoba Schools Act In 1869, Louis Riel led a rebellion against the Canadian government. In exchange for joining confederation, the French speaking Catholic’s of Manitoba were promised funding for a Catholic French school system. In 1890: The Manitoba Schools Act abolished Catholic schools and made Manitoba officially an English speaking province.

Metis 1869-1870: Red River Rebellion led by Louis Riel. Fought for French-Catholic-Aboriginal rights. 1875-1879- Government exchanges Scrip(a document that could be exchanged for land). To the Metis. 1885: Northwest Rebellion: Louis Riel is brought back to lead another rebellion. He is caught and hung for treason Nov 19 1885.

Metis 1896-1910- First Metis settlements in AB. Land provided by the Cahtolic Church. 1938: AB Gov. sets aside land for Metis and passes the Metis population Betterment Act. 1940-1960’s- The land given to Metis was not suitable for farming, and was taken back by the AB gov. 1982: Metis are officially recognized as one of Canada’s aboriginal people.

Metis 1990: AB gov enacts legislation that gives Metis permanent settlements in AB. Autonomy: the power to govern or control yourself. 2003: The supreme court gives the Metis the right to hunt and fish without a license. 2004: official recognition of metis hunting and fishing rights. 2006: Metis in AB. Begin to seek compensation for lands that were promised but never given