MADD Director of State Government Affairs Ignition Interlocks Frank Harris MADD Director of State Government Affairs

Campaign to Eliminate Drunk Driving Launched in 2006 as a response to stagnate drunk driving fatality numbers MADD Created a blueprint for the nation to Eliminate Drunk Driving in America consisting of three components Support for Law Enforcement and High Visibility Law Enforcement Efforts All-Offender Ignition Interlock Laws Support for Advanced Alcohol Detection Technology ©2011 Mothers Against Drunk Driving

What is an all-offender ignition interlock law? An all-offender ignition interlock law require or highly incentivize the use of ignition interlocks for all convicted drunk drivers, including all first-time offenders with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) or .08 or greater. These laws typically require convicted drunk drivers to use an interlock if the offender seeks driving privileges during a license suspension or as a condition of license reinstatement. ©2011 Mothers Against Drunk Driving

Why All Offender Ignition Interlock Laws? Drunk Driving still accounts for one-third of ALL U.S. traffic fatalities (10,265 in 2015, NHTSA) 15 percent reduction in DUI deaths (Kaufman, Wiebe, 2016) 50-75 percent of all convicted drunk drivers will continue to drive on a suspended license. Average drunk driver drives 80 times drunk before arrest. Over 15 peer reviewed studies, including the Centers for Disease Control, recommends Ignition Interlocks for all convicted Drunk Drivers. CDC study showed 70 percent of the public supports all offender interlock laws Ignition Interlocks reduce DUI recidivism by 67 percent ©2011 Mothers Against Drunk Driving

Currently in the States 28 states plus DC with an all offender ignition interlock law. Alabama, Mississippi, Delaware, and New Hampshire passed in 2014. Texas passed in 2015. Maryland, Vermont, Rhode Island, and Washington DC passed this year. 13 states are .15 BAC or above. South Carolina passed in 2014. Kentucky in 2015. All states now use interlocks in one form or another (5 did not in 2006) As of August 2015, 328,000 interlocks installed nationwide (8,600 in Missouri, up from 3,020 in 2007). ©2011 Mothers Against Drunk Driving

©2011 Mothers Against Drunk Driving

©2011 Mothers Against Drunk Driving

©2011 Mothers Against Drunk Driving

©2011 Mothers Against Drunk Driving

Congressional Approval of Interlocks MAP-21 & FAST Act (Highway Reauthorization Bill) Congress and the Administration have now fully endorsed the use of ignition interlocks for all convicted drunk drivers Incentive grant program for states that pass all offender interlock laws. Pot is $17.3 million that DOT can divide up between states Exemptions included in FAST Act for employers, medical, and rural. Ignition interlock programs are eligible for 405 funding Section 164, federal repeat DUI offender program, was changed to allow states discretion in implementing their interlock program ©2011 Mothers Against Drunk Driving

2016 Ignition Interlock Report Released in February Compiled data from over 10 ignition interlock companies Made recommendations to strengthen interlock laws ©2011 Mothers Against Drunk Driving

Key Report Findings & Recommendations 1.77 million drunk driving trips prevented because of ignition interlocks 12.7 million drinking and driving trips prevented because of ignition interlocks Recommendations Circumvention Laws Indigent Fund Interlocks for First Time Refusals Interlocks Upon Arrest Compliance Based Removal Other Recommendations Monitoring Interlock Users Administrative Component Educating the Public ©2011 Mothers Against Drunk Driving

Nature of the first time offender Likely to have driven drunk before. The average first offender will have driven with an illegal BAC 80 times before s/he is caught (CDC 2011). Likely to drive drunk again. First offender patterns of recidivism closely parallel those of repeat offenders (Rauch, 2002; Jones, 2000) Likely to have issues with alcohol. A study of over 1200 first offenders found that 82 percent were problem drinkers or alcoholics (Rauch, 2005). A study looking at the APA guidelines found over 70 percent of DUI offenders have alcohol abuse problems (Wieczorek et al, 1992). ©2011 Mothers Against Drunk Driving

Do mandatory interlock laws target social drinkers? No. This chart from the CDC shows that for a 160 pound man to reach a .08 BAC, they must drink four drinks. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) notes that to get to a .08 BAC, men must typically consume 5 or more drinks, and women must typically consume 4 or more drinks, in about 2 hours. ©2012 Mothers Against Drunk Driving

Interlocks more effective than license suspension Likely to drive on their suspended license. 50 to 75 percent of those whose licenses are suspended continue to drive (Nichols and Ross, 1992; Peck et al, 1995) License suspension without interlock does not work in protecting the public Florida: in 2010, there were 21,576 arrests for those who had a suspended/revoked license as a result of a previous DUI. California: in 2009, there were 43,598 convictions for driving on a DUI suspended license (25.5% of total). Data on arrests/convictions for driving on a DUI suspended license? ©2012 Mothers Against Drunk Driving

Challenges to implementation

Interlocks: fact versus fiction Data Overwhelm: monitoring of interlocked offenders? Costs to probation, state and local agencies? Studies show recidivism of interlocked offenders similar to non interlocked offenders once device removed? Interlocked offenders at greater crash risk compared to non-interlocked offenders? Hoops: License suspension prior to interlock order needed to punish offender? Route restricted licenses? Loopholes: Offender who does not have a car? Waits out interlock order? One car family? Buys a clunker? Transfers ownership? Non driver blows? Costs to indigent offender? Regulating interlock companies? False positives?

Drunk Driving deaths USA 2005 to 2015 Overall traffic deaths have decreased by 19.34 percent. Drunk driving deaths have decreased by 24.42 percent. Source: NHTSA, Dr. Richard Roth, TIRF USA ©2011 Mothers Against Drunk Driving

Drunk Driving deaths in Missouri DWI deaths down 46.67 percent, interlock installations up 185 percent Source: NHTSA, Dr. Richard Roth, TIRF USA ©2011 Mothers Against Drunk Driving

Drunk Driving deaths per 100 million VMT Overall traffic deaths per 100 million VMT decreased by 21.91 percent Drunk driving deaths per 100 million VMT decreased by 28.88 percent ©2011 Mothers Against Drunk Driving

Drunk Driving deaths per 100 million VMT in Missouri Red: National Average VMT Deaths, Black is Missouri. DWI deaths have decreased dramatically by 49% since 2005 in Missouri per 100 million VMT Source: NHTSA ©2011 Mothers Against Drunk Driving

Drunk driving arrests, convictions, and IID installs Source: NHTSA, FBI, Dr. Richard Roth, TIRF USA ©2011 Mothers Against Drunk Driving

Missouri drunk driving arrests, interlock installs Source: NHTSA, FBI, Dr. Richard Roth, TIRF USA ©2011 Mothers Against Drunk Driving

Director of State Government Affairs frank.harris@madd.org Questions? Thank You Frank Harris Director of State Government Affairs frank.harris@madd.org 202-688-1194