Periodic Table and Atoms Review Chapter 9 And 10.1

Names You need to have the names of the first 20 elements memorized. Most of them start with the letters in the symbol Make flash cards and test yourself or have someone help you You WILL need to know these in order to answer several questions on the test!!!!

How is the periodic table divided? Metals- Most elements are metals (largest group). Good conductors of electricity and heat, solid but malleable, can oxidize and are ductile All of the blue elements are metals. Remember everything to the LEFT of the stair case is a metal

How is the periodic table divided? Non-Metals- Do not conduct electricity. Non-metals are dull and have a low density. A lot of non metals are gases at room temperature. All of the yellow elements are non-metals. Remember everything to the RIGHT of the stair case is a non-metal

How is the periodic table divided? Metalloids- Most are solid at room temp. They are brittle and hard. Metalloids share properties of both metals and non metals. All of the pink elements are metalloids. Remember everything to on the stair case is a metalloid

How is the periodic table divided? The columns (vertical) are called groups or families. The rows (horizontal) are called periods. P E R I O D S Group Numbers

What are the names of the groups on the periodic table? Group 1- Alkali Metals Most reactive, never uncombined in nature, 1 valence electron Group 2- Alkaline Earth Metals Very reactive, but not as much as group 1. 2 valence electrons Groups 3-12 – Transition Metals What you think a metal is. Shiny with high melting points, malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity Group 17- Halogens Noticeable colors, Highly reactive. Used in disinfectants. Used in lights. 7 valence electrons Group 18- Noble gases Unreactive, does not bond with other atoms. Colorless gases. Glow brightly with electricity passes through them. Complete energy levels

Know which particles have which charges Protons- Positive Neutrons- Neutral Electrons- Negative Atom as a whole is neutral which is why the number of protons and electrons are equal

How do you find the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons? Atomic Number Tells you the number of protons Chemical Symbol- Tell you what element it is (you must memorize the names in order to know what it is, look at page 488) Atomic Mass- This is a combination of protons and neutrons add together. Neutrons= Atomic mass rounded to a whole number – atomic number

So how many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in these elements?

Answer Argon Protons: 18 Neutrons: 22 Electrons: Boron 5 6 Gold 79 118

Valence Electrons Valence electrons are the electrons of each atom that are found in the outmost energy level These electrons have the most energy They are responsible for making chemical reactions and bonding The total number of electrons in a atom includes these electrons

Valence Electrons All of the gold spheres represent electrons V.E. The circle that the gold sphere are on are called electron shells or energy levels V.E. V.E Only the outer most gold spheres are considered valence electrons (V.E.) V.E V.E.

How do you know the number of Valence Electrons? Group 1- 1 valence electrons Group 2- 2 valence electrons Groups 3-12 – Varies(don’t worry about these) Group 13- 3 valence electrons Group 14- 4 valence electrons Group 15- 5 valence electrons Group 16- 6 valence electrons Group 17- 7 valence electrons Group 18- 8 valence electrons (except for Helium, which has 2)

How do you know the number of electron shells/energy levels to show? Energy levels are represent by the periods Period 1- 1 electron shell (holds 2 electrons) Period 2- 2 electron shells (holds 8 electrons) Period 3- 3 electron shells (holds 8 electrons) Period 4- 4 electron shells (holds 18 electrons) Period 5- 5 electron shells (holds 18 electrons) Period 6- 6 electron shells (holds 18 electrons) Period 7- 7 electron shells (holds 8 electrons)

How to draw an electron dot diagram This is very simple. You write the chemical symbol of the element (the letter) and draw the amount of dots around the letter to show how many valence electrons it has. Example: Carbon (group 14- 4 VE) Hydrogen (group 1- 1 VE)

You try Draw the electron dot diagram for Be P Ar K

Answers (study ALL of these)

Bohr-Rutherford-Chadwick Diagram You need to be able to draw these for the first 20 elements also Remember how to find the correct number of protons, neutrons, and electrons (look at slide 9) Show the protons and neutrons in the middle - just represent them with numbers ex: P-2, N-2

Bohr-Rutherford-Chadwick diagram Draw out the correct amount of electron shells/energy levels (look at the period number and slide 15) Draw a dot to represent each electron in that element. Remember only a certain number of electrons can fit on each electron shell (look slide 15) The total amount of dots should be the same as the total amount of electrons. The number of electrons on the LAST energy level should be equal to the amount of VALENCE ELECTRONS for that element

Example Lithium Protons-3 Neutrons-4 Electrons-3 Valence electrons-1 Total amount Valence electrons-1 Amount on the outer Most shell

Your turn! Draw the diagram for Silicon Sodium

Answers

Make sure you can answer questions This PowerPoint covers the information you will need to be able to pass the test. You will need to know how to do EVERYTHING that I put on the PowerPoint. Any notes we did in class, anything that was on the quizzes, anything we talked about will also be tested. Make sure you look over the characteristics of the element groups . Email me if you have questions!! Good luck 