CHAPTER FOUR LECTURE NOTES

JUDAISM VS. CHRISTIANITY – MAJOR TENETS HOLY BOOK – TORAH (OLD TESTAMENT) HOLY DAY – DUSK FRIDAY TO SATURDAY PLACE OF WORSHIP – SYNAGOGUE FOUNDER – ABRAHAM DEITY – YAHWEH CLERGY – RABBI LAITY – 15.1 MILLION TODAY # OF GODS – MONOTHEISM HOLIDAYS – ROSH SHANON, YOM KIPPUR, PASSOVER HOLY BOOK – BIBLE (NEW TESTAMENT) HOLY DAY – SUNDAY PLACE OF WORSHIP – CHURCH FOUNDER – JESUS CHRIST DEITY – GOD CLERGY – PRIEST, PREACHER LAITY – 2.1 BILLION TODAY # OF GODS – MONOTHEISM HOLIDAYS – CHRISTMAS, LENT, EASTER

BASIC BELIEFS 1. MESSIAH IS COMING 2. AFTERLIFE FOR GOOD 3. TEN COMMANDMENTS 4. DIETARY LAWS – NO PORK, KOSHER, NO MEAT AND DAIRY 5. CIRCUMSION AND CANNOT MARRY NON JEWS 1. JESUS IS SON OF GOD 2. AFTERLIFE FOR THOSE WHO ASK FORGIVENESS OF SINS 3. TRINITY 4. CRUCIFIXITION AND RESURRECTION OF JESUS 5. JESUS’S TEACHINGS: PARABLES, BEATITUDES, AND SERMON ON MOUNT

HISTORY 1. BEGAN WITH JESUS 2,000 YEARS AGO 2. A.D. 30 – JESUS BEGAN TEACHING 3. A.D. 33 – JESUS CRUCIFIED BY ROMANS, RESURRECTED 3 DAYS LATER, FIRST CHURCH ESTABLISHED, 3,000 CONVERTED BY PETER 4. A.D. 70 – A.D. 132 – CHRISTIANS PERSECUTED BY ROMANS 5. A.D. 312 – CONSTANTINE SEES VISION IN BATTLE AND CONVERTS TO CHRISTIANITY 6. A.D. 313 – CONSTANTINE ENFORCES EDICT OF MILAN – ALLOWS RELIGIOUS FREEDOM FOR ALL 7. A.D. 382 – THEODOSIUS MAKES CHRISTIANITY OFFICIAL RELIGION / OUTLAWS ALL OTHERS/ PERSECUTES NON-CHRISTIANS 8. RISE OF CATHOLIC CHURCH – MISSIONARIES SPREAD MESSAGE 1. BEGAN WITH ABRAHAM AROUND 4,000 YEARS AGO 2. 598 B.C.E – BABYLONIANS TAKE OVER JUDAH 3. 538 B.C.E – PERSIONS RULE/ JEWS ALLOWED TO RETURN TO JUDAH 4. 198 B.C.E. – SYRIANS RULE AND OUTLAW JUDAISM 5. 37 B.C.E – ROMANS TAKE OVER JUDAH/ KING HEROD’S RULE 6. A.D. 63 – ROMANS REPLACE JEWISH LEADERS/ CHANGE NAME TO JUDAEA 7. A.D. 132 – JEWS KICKED OUT OF JERUSALEM AFTER FAILED REBELLIONS

SPREAD OF RELIGION 1. CONVERSION IS RARE 2. CANAAN AND JUDAEA TO JEWISH DIASPORA WHERE JEWS KICKED OUT AND MOVE TO SPAIN, ASIA, EUROPE, AMERICAS UNTIL 1948 WHEN ISRAEL BECOMES A NATION OF JEWS AGAIN 1. GALILEE AND JUDAEA TO ROMAN EMPIRE (ITALY, SPAIN, NORTH AFRICA) TO BRITAIN TO GERMANY TO SLAVIC WORLD (RUSSIA, UKRAINE, ETC) 2. APOSTLES AND MISSIONARIES SPREAD MESSAGE

TREATMENT BY OTHERS 1. ENSLAVED BY EGYPTIANS 2. EXILED BY BABYLONIANS 3. KILLED AND KICKED OUT BY ROMANS – A.D. 66 1. PERSECUTED BY JEWS – BLASHEMPY 2. PERSECUTED BY ROMANS – LIONS, GLADIATORS, NERO, AND MARTYRS 3. OUTCASTED BY ROMANS DUE TO BURIAL PRACTICES AND REFUSAL TO SERVE IN ARMY

IMPORTANT PEOPLE 1. PETER – APOSTLE WHO SET UP 1ST CHURCH, CONVERTED CORNELIUS AND 3,000 OTHERS 2. PAUL – ROMAN CITIZEN – KILLED CHRISTIANS UNDER NAME SAUL BUT CONVERTED – MAJOR MISSIONARY OF MEDITERRENEAN REGION 3. MARY MAGDALENE – TRAVELED WITH JESUS; TOLD APOSTLES ABOUT RESURRECTION 4. BASIL – GREEK BISHOP – CREATED BASILIAN RULES FOR MONKS AND NUNS – A.D. 500S 5. BENEDICT – ROMAN BISHOP – CREATED BENEDICTINE RULES: MUST BE MISSIONARIES, MUST GIVE UP MATERIAL GOODS, MUST DEVOTE LIFE TO WORK AND PRAYER, MUST PRESERVE OLD WRITINGS 6. PAULA & JEROME – A.D. 400S – HELPED TRANSLATE BIBLE INTO LATIN 7. PATRICK – A.D. 400S – BROUGHT CHRISTIANITY TO IRELAND 8. POPE GREGORY I – A.D. 597 – SENT 40 MONKS TO CONVERT ANGLO-SAXONS OF PRESENT DAY BRITAIN 9. CYRIL & METHODIUS – A.D. 863 – INVENTED ALPHABET FOR SLAVIC PEOPLE TO TRANSLATE WRITINGS – CONVERTED SLAVIC PEOPLE TO CHRISTIANITY (present day Russia, Ukraine, etc) 1. HEBREWS – DESCENDANTS OF NOAH LED BY ABRAHAM TO PROMISED LAND 2. ZEALOTS – GROUP OF JEWS WHO FOUGHT ROMANS FOR FREEDOM; HELD OFF ROMANS FOR 2 YEARS AT FORTRESS MASADA AROUND A.D. 73 UNTIL ROMANS TAKE OVER AND FIND ONLY 2 WOMEN AND 5 CHILDREN AS SURVIVORS; TRIED TO REBEL IN A.D. 132 BUT FAILED AND KICKED OUT OF JERUSALEM

Roman Catholic Church vs. Eastern Orthodox church 1. Hierarchy: Patriarch, Archbishop, Bishop, Priest, Laity 2. Headquartered in Constantinople 3. Greek influenced 4. Many felt icons were idol worshipping – Emperor Leo III and iconoclasts (later icons accepted) 5. Believed the emperor was God’s representative and controlled both church and government 6. Emperor had to defend the church, control wealth, and settle disputes within the church 7. Did not recognize rule of Charlemagne as emperor of Rome 8. Excommunicated the Pope of Rome in A.D. 1054 Roman Catholic: 1. Hierarchy: Pope, Archbishop, Bishop, Priest, Laity 2. Headquartered in Rome 3. Latin influenced 4. Accepted Icons and disapproved of Emperor Leo III’s removal of icons 5. Pope believed that he was the head of all Christian churches 6. A.D. 700s Pope asked Frankish king, Charlemagne, for help against invaders and crowned Charlemagne emperor 7. Pope felt he had religious and political authority 8. Excommunicated Patriarch in A.D. 1054 – created a great split