Warm-up exercise Get ready to share your fallacy example with your teammates. Hint: There will be a reading quiz.

Reading Quiz To what audience does Manasi Deshpande address her proposal for improving accessibility? Name one of the three main characteristics of proposals. What solution does Virginia Postrel propose to the problem of political robocalls? Write a sample proposal claim.

Reflecting on Project #3 Did you complete last week’s reading assignments? Chapters 20-22? Failure to identify sources in your text = plagiarism Office hours added today Read all marginal comments beforehand and come with specific questions about them, e.g., “On page 3 you wrote that … Could you clarify what the problem was there?” Looking ahead Keep up with the reading Remember, you still have about 40% of your grade left to earn

Fun with Fallacies Write an example of your rhetorical fallacy. Share it with your team without saying which rhetorical fallacy it represents. Teammates try to identify the fallacy or at least the appeal it abuses: emotional, ethical, or logical. If they can’t guess it, disclose the fallacy’s name, and explain why your statement exemplifies that type. Fun with Fallacies

INTRODUCTION TO THE PROPOSAL ARGUMENT Day 19 of English 15

Reaching the top step! (stasis theory) FACT Is this a thing? DEFINITION What kind of thing? QUALITY Is it good or bad? POLICY What should we do about it?

Genre traits Proposals (EA 275) Call for change, often in response to a problem Focus on the future Center on the audience

Small problems, big effects Write down a bad habit you have. What are the costs of this habit? (Financial, environmental, social/professional, physical/health, psychological/spiritual, time…) If nothing changes in this habit over the course of week, what does it cost you in a week…a month…a year…a lifetime…?

Parts of a proposal RESEARCH How do you know? AUDIENCE Identify the problem: prove it exists. Define it. Explain causes and effects. Explain your plan for solving the problem. Demonstrate that the plan is feasible. Demonstrate that the plan will address a key cause of the problem. Show that the plan will have the desired effect. Present alternative ways to achieve the desired effect and demonstrate why your plan better resolves the problem. RESEARCH How do you know? AUDIENCE Why should I care?

Fails to follow genre requirements Compost car: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DkGMY63FF3Q Identify the problem: prove it exists. Define it. Explain causes and effects. Explain your plan for solving the problem. Demonstrate that the plan is feasible. Demonstrate that the plan will address a key cause of the problem. Show that the plan will have the desired effect. Present alternative ways to achieve the desired effect and demonstrate why your plan better resolves the problem.

Defining the problem “A Call to Improve Campus Accessibility” by Manasi Deshpande (295-302) What problem does the writer seek to solve? What community or people does it affect?

Analysis of “A Call to Improve Campus Accessibility” by Manasi Deshpande EVALUATION According to the writer, what is the exigence for solving this problem—why is it urgent and significant? CAUSE What contributing factors does the writer identify? Why does this problem still persist and why do people allow it to persist? What attempts have previously been made to solve this problem (either within the same context or a different one)? Why did these attempts fail?

Identifying causes of a problem What problem are you considering for your proposal argument? For this problem, make a “cause map” like the one below. Corporal punishment of kids Children disobey caregivers Children need to be disciplined Caregivers can’t control anger

Matching cause to solution ALTERNATIVE FORMS OF DISCIPLINE Give kids time-outs, remove privileges, verbally chastise IMPROVE CHILD-CAREGIVER COMMUNICATION Resolve underlying causes: kids want attention, pent-up energy, can’t self-express ANGER MANAGEMENT Educate caregivers on strategies to control their emotions; separate children from abusers if hitting continues Corporal punishment of kids Children disobey caregivers Children need to be disciplined Caregivers can’t control anger Matching cause to solution

Which solution would work best? IMPROVE CHILD-CAREGIVER COMMUNICATION Train teachers of preschool and young students how to teach children to verbalize their feelings and needs. AUDIENCE: Preschool and elementary school administrators ALTERNATIVE FORMS OF DISCIPLINE Provide free parenting classes that educate parents on how to assign non-corporal punishments that match the misbehavior. AUDIENCE: Community centers ANGER MANAGEMENT Train teachers to look for signs of child abuse. Have social workers monitor at-risk parents and encourage them to take anger management classes. AUDIENCE: Social workers They all address underlying causes…

Best solution depends on local needs No community centers in Sunnyville to host class. Sunnyville has preschools & elementary school. Sunnyville’s social workers already do this. IMPROVE CHILD-CAREGIVER COMMUNICATION Train teachers of preschool and young students how to teach children to verbalize their feelings and needs. AUDIENCE: Preschool and elementary school administrators ALTERNATIVE FORMS OF DISCIPLINE Provide free parenting classes that educate parents on how to assign non-corporal punishments that match the misbehavior. AUDIENCE: Community centers ANGER MANAGEMENT Train teachers to look for signs of child abuse. Have social workers monitor at-risk parents and encourage them to take anger management classes. AUDIENCE: Social workers Best solution depends on local needs

Small audience  successful proposal ????

Making a plan

Crafting a plan of action What steps need to be taken from the current situation to reach the proposed solution? STEP 1: How will the process of change be initiated? Who needs to be involved? How? Why? Who will pay? Whose labor will be required? …STEP N: How will the process of change be completed? feasibility feasibility

Questions about feasibility Locate answers to the following questions in the essay: Whose money? How much—what’s the dollar amount? Whose labor? How much time—exactly how many hours, over what timespan? Besides money and labor, what other resources would the project require? Where would those resources come from? Beyond the rhetorical audience of the proposal, who else would be impacted—negatively or positively? Given these factors, would you (imagining yourself to be the rhetorical audience) deem the project feasible?