Semi-structured interviews and focus groups verbal exchange designed to elicit information conversational but partially structured important to listen carefully researcher formulates questions selects and recruits participants chooses a location and medium (in person or online) records and transcribes interview

Focus groups used to collect data on a diverse range of subjects typically between 6‒12 participants conversational but facilitator keeps participants on topic last 1‒2 hours interaction between members of the group is important can be conducted online stand alone or used in conjunction with other methods