Section 1: Building a National Identity A Changing Nation: Section 1: Building a National Identity

Why is the Chapter titled a “Changing Nation”?

Presidents of the United States 1. George Washington (1789-1797) 2. John Adams (1797-1801) 3. Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809) 4. James Madison (George Clinton/Eldridge Gerry) (1809-1817) 5. James Monroe (1817-1825) VP: Daniel Tompkins

Section 1: Building a National Identity How was the power of the federal government strengthened during the Era of Good Feelings?

Key Vocabulary Charter Dumping Contract Capitalism Interstate Commerce

Era of Good Feelings: Monroe’s time as President After the war Republicans had firm control; Federalist party died shortly after. Monroe promoted national unity. The country healed from old arguments. (War of 1812) During reelection in 1820, no candidate opposed Monroe.

Building the National Economy After 1815, citizens wanted an increased federal government involvement in economics. Congress established the Second Bank of the United States after the First Bank’s charter ran out. Bank loaned and controlled money supply.

Tariff of 1816: taxed foreign textiles, iron, leather goods, paper, and other products. During war and Embargo act U.S. industries thrived. After the war, Britain dumped cheap goods in the states hurting American businesses. Congress passed the Tariff of 1816 to protect American businesses. How Tariff Works

Clay’s American System American System- High tariffs and federal public works programs. $ from tariff could be using for roads and bridges, which would increase trade at home. Plan never was fully accepted.

Three Important Supreme Court Cases Supreme court rulings promoted national economic growth and the power of the federal government.

Three Important Supreme Court Cases: 1 McCulloch v. Maryland- Protected second Bank of US Maryland wanted to tax the branch of the bank in Maryland States had no power to interfere with federal institutions. Ruling strengthened the power of the federal government-said state cannot pass a law that violates federal law

Three Important Supreme Court Cases: 2 Dartmouth v. Woodward Court ruled that charter of Dartmouth College was a private contract. By protecting private contracts, Court was protecting private businesses. Helped promote capitalism.

Three Important Supreme Court Cases: 3 Gibbons v. Ogden Ruled that New York could not give a steamboat company a monopoly on the Hudson River. Congress only can regulate interstate commerce. Court strengthened federal government at expense of states.

Relations with Spain Spain had little control of Florida. Escaped slaves would run to Florida and join the Seminole Indian tribes. Andrew Jackson was ordered to recapture the escaped slaves, went above and beyond by capturing two Spanish towns. Spain knew it could not defend Florida, so it ceded the territory in the Adams-Onis Treaty.

Canada Not until 1837, were there rebellions against British rule in Canada. Although Britain squashed the rebellion they gave Canadians more self-government. Eventually Canada and the U.S. established a great relationship after settling many border disputes after the War of 1812.

Monroe Doctrine Very Important! With a partner come up with a summary (3-4 sentences) of what the Monroe Doctrine is. Look on page 347. Brainstorm if you think we still use this today and come up with an example how we could use it now.

Monroe Doctrine Warning to European nations, by the United States that Western Hemisphere is off limits to any further colonization. Any try to interfere in Latin America would be seen as a threat to U.S. security. Lay man’s terms: You stay in Europe, we’ll stay here.

Age of Jackson Vs. John Q. Adams Andrew Jackson

Presidents of the United States 1. George Washington (1789-1797) 2. John Adams (1797-1801) 3. Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809) 4. James Madison (1809-1817) 5. James Monroe (1817-1825) 6. John Q. Adams (1825-1829) John Calhoun 7. Andrew Jackson (1829-1837) John Calhoun/Martin van Buren

Your assignment: Create an interview that you may have had with Andrew Jackson on your assigned topic. Interviews should be written and last at least two minutes and thoroughly describe your topic. Each member of your group must have a speaking part. Be creative!

Andrew Jackson Grew up poor in log cabin on border of North and South Carolina. Survived smallpox as a child and severe gunshot wounds as an adult. Nickname: “Old Hickory” Stood for the idea that ordinary people should participate in politics.

Election of 1824 Jackson got most of the electoral votes, but not a majority. Decision went to House. Clay was the speaker and friends with Adams, got many to vote for Adams. Clay ended up becoming Adams’ Secretary of State Jackson was very mad, called it a “corrupt bargain.”

John Q. Adams Had to deal with “corrupt bargain” charges his entire presidency. Got nothing done, only would serve one term. Still he was one of America’s best public speakers.

New Political Parties During 1824 election Republican party split. 1. National Republicans- supporters of John Q. Adams 2. Democrats- supporters of Andrew Jackson By 1836 anti-Jackson forces formed a new party called the Whigs. Democrats and Whigs would be the two major parties until 1851.

Spoils System “To the Victor Belong the Spoils” Practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs.

Indian Removal

Why did Jackson use force to remove the Native Americans?

Native Americans of the Southeast When Jackson became president 100,ooo natives lived east of the Mississippi. Many were farmers or lived in towns Seminoles- combination of Creeks, Florida Native Americans, and escaped African American Slaves Cherokee- adopted many white customs, modernized, many converted to Christianity. Wrote own constitution, claimed status as a separate nation. Andrew Jackson passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830- wanted to kick Native Americans out of their lands in the Southeast.

Trail of Tears

Trail of Tears Many Native American tribes felt they had no choice but to sign new treaties giving up their land. Cherokees held out a bit longer than most. Finally in 1838, Van Buren sent 7,000 soldiers to force natives to Indian Territory (Oklahoma)

What are two negatives of this picture of Andrew Jackson? What is the message of this cartoon? Would this cartoon have the same impact in Britain, if Jackson was replaced by a British leader?

The Bank War The bank helped stabilize American economy But many Americans thought the bank was unfair and was only helping the rich get richer. Jackson hated the bank, vetoed new charter Very popular decision, helped Jackson win re-election in 1832 Bank would die in 1836

The Nullification Crisis Why would nullification weaken the Union? What was the “bigger issue” for southerners during this conflict? How did Jackson respond to South Carolina’s threat to secede? Why did South Carolina repeal its tariff nullification?

Jackson’s Proclamation What is Jackson asking for?

Presidents of the United States 1. George Washington (1789-1797) 2. John Adams (1797-1801) 3. Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809) 4. James Madison (1809-1817) 5. James Monroe (1817-1825) 6. John Q. Adams (1825-1829) 7. Andrew Jackson (1829-1837) 8. Martin Van Buren Richard Johnson (1837-1841)

End of Jackson Era Panic of 1837- Van Buren got the blame for economic problems, even though it was Jackson’s fault for killing the national bank. Election of 1840- William Henry Harrison ran a campaign for the Whig party. Won easily over Van Buren. Age of Jackson was officially over. 9th: William Henry Harrison VP: John Tyler (1841) 10th: John Tyler VP: None(1841-1845)

Test topics 1. Election of 1824 2. Indian Removal Act of 1830: 3 Trail of Tears: 4. Bank War: 5. Nullification Crisis: 6. Spoils System: 7. Adams and Jackson in conflict 8. two questions about the new political parties.