The diversity of organisms in salt and fresh water systems Topic 3.1 The diversity of organisms in salt and fresh water systems

Diversity Diversity in an ecosystem refers to the variety of different kinds of species living there. In fresh water like lakes and ponds, there is a lot of diversity In salt water there is even MORE diversity! WHY?

Why is there more diversity in salt water? Oceans have more, different types of environments 2/3 of all the major types of organisms in the world live all or part of their lives in salt water

What would be the diversity of a pond? 1. 2. 3. 4.

Lake Lakes have layers or zones Lots of lakes in Canada freeze over in the winter to the organisms that live there need to learn to cope with VERY cold temperatures

Zones of Lakes 1. Upper Zone 2. Middle Zone 3. Lowest zone From the shore down to where the aquatic plants stop growing Water lilies, small fish, clams, insects, snails, frogs 2. Middle Zone Open water that still allows light to penetrate Some fish, phytoplankton 3. Lowest zone Sun does not hit this area. (no plants) Fish live here

L A K E Z O N E S

Oceans The deepest part of the ocean is 11,000m OCEANS HAVE ZONES TOO! The deepest lake in the world is in Russia (1,700m) OCEANS HAVE ZONES TOO!

Ocean Zones 1. Intertidal Zone 2. Estuary Animals and plants live along the shore line and are able to withstand all the waves of the ocean They also need to learn to live out of the water at low tide. 2. Estuary Most diverse ecosystem is an estuary This is the mouth of the rivers before they enter the ocean. Marshes grow, birds find hiding, plants, insects

3. Continental Shelf 4. The Oceanic Zone A shelf of land that extends out from the edge of a continent below the oceans surface The water here is warmer than in the open ocean Warm water and light make this a very diverse area 4. The Oceanic Zone Upper Ocean, Middle Ocean and Deeper Ocean

O C E A N Z O N E S

Adaptations An adaptation is a physical characteristic or behaviour of a species. Adaptations increase the species chances of survival

Adaptations 1. Temperature 2. Light Fish that live in cold water can’t survive in warm water and vise versa Fish that live in the artic have a natural antifreeze to keep from freezing 2. Light Many organisms in water have adapted to living without light

3. Pressure 4. Salinity 5. Water Movement Deep ocean organisms must live with the weight of water on top of them (HIGH PRESSURE) 4. Salinity Did you know that salmon can survive in both fresh and salt water? 5. Water Movement

Topic 3.2 – Populations in Fresh and Salt Water

Populations A population is a group of organisms of the same species that live in a particular area.

Changes in Population 1. Seasonal Changes 2. Short-term changes In Canada, populations grow in the summer months but disappear in the winter 2. Short-term changes Can be part of a natural event or human activity Drought (dry up a pond) 3. Long-term changes Landslides can change the course of a stream Introducing new species (zebra muscles)

Water Quality and Living Things Topic 3.3 Water Quality and Living Things

Changes in Water Quality Humans and all living things depend on water quality Some animals, though, can only live if the conditions of water are perfect for them. Even slight changes in temperature can affect them.

Examples Dead Lake Green Slime (Algal Bloom) There are lakes that are ‘dead’. This means that nothing lives in them at all Acid rain from factory pollution causes these lakes to die. Green Slime (Algal Bloom) Caused by over fertilization of agricultural fields