Nuclear Physics -- Today and Tomorrow From the infinitely strong – Walter F. Henning From the infinitely strong – to the infinitely weak 1010 yrs - 10-5 yrs - From the infinitely small – to the infinitely large

Nucleon-Nucleon / Meson Nuclear Matter Hadrons Deconfinement & chiral transition RHIC & LHC FAIR Quark Matter Nuclei QGP LHC RHIC SPS Condensate Hadrons QCD Vacuum Nucleon-Nucleon / Meson

QGP Hadrons QCD Vacuum

Particle physics Nuclear physics Transition from the perturbative to the non-perturbative regime of Quantum-Chromodynamics (QCD) Particle physics Nuclear physics perturbative: QCD: aS << 1 non-perturbative: QCD: aS  1 q Gluon (g) Hadrons: Baryons, Mesons Models, Lattice QCD Quarks, Gluons One-Gluon Exchange

Proton Charge and Magnetization The importance of the anti-quark sea Baryon Structure Proton Charge and Magnetization The importance of the anti-quark sea LA-LP-98-56 Lots of issues – not general agreement on what path is best The distribution of charge and magnetization are different There are more down-anti-down quark pairs than up-anti-up quarks pairs in the sea of the proton.

Advantages of 120 GeV Main Injector The Nature of the Sea The (very successful) past: Fermilab E866/NuSea Data in 1996-1997 1H, 2H, and nuclear targets 800 GeV proton beam The future: Fermilab E906 Data in 2010-12 1H, 2H, and nuclear targets 120 GeV proton Beam Fixed Target Beam lines Tevatron 800 GeV Cross section scales as 1/s 7 x that of 800 GeV beam Backgrounds, primarily from J/ decays scale as s 7 x Luminosity for same detector rate as 800 GeV beam 50 x statistics!! Main Injector 120 GeV Advantages of 120 GeV Main Injector

Charmed Hadrons @ PANDA/FAIR 2 4 6 8 12 15 10 Antiproton momentum [GeV/c] Mass [GeV/c2] Two body thresholds Quark molecules Gluonic excitations qq Mesons 1 3 5 Hybrids Hybrids+Recoil Glueball Glueball+Recoil ΛΛ ΣΣ ΞΞ ΛcΛc ΣcΣc ΞcΞc ΩcΩc ΩΩ DD DsDs qqqq ccqq nng,ssg ccg ggg,gg light qq π,ρ,ω,f2,K,K* cc J/ψ, ηc, χcJ ggg conventional charmonium exotic

Nucleon-Nucleon / Meson QGP Hadrons QCD Vacuum Nucleon-Nucleon / Meson

Hypernuclei: Extension of the Nuclear Chart Strangeness Neutron Number JPARC & FAIR Horst Lenske has nicely introduced! … understanding the YN interaction

Nucleon-Nucleon / Meson 100 1 5 10 50 Bare Nucleon-Nucleon Interaction Mean Field Models Neutron Number Proton Number Shell Model(s) Microscopic Ab Initio (GFMC...) Quark-Gluon Effective Interactions QCD Nuclei QGP Hadrons QCD Vacuum Nucleon-Nucleon / Meson

|+ |- The Nuclear Landscape Applications in Nuclear Medicine 1 2 3 4 Applications in Nuclear Medicine Nano Science & Technology |+ |- Rare Isotopes as Laboratory: Precision Tests of Fundamental Symmetries The Nuclear Landscape Nuclear Astrophysics & Explosive Nucleosynthesis: Reaction Rates & Nuclear Properties Nuclear Matter Properties & Structure of the Nuclear Many-Body System

The Nuclear Landscape The Nuclear Physics of RI Beams rare isotopes as a beam stable particles as target The nature of the nuclear force a strong manifestation of its tensor nature is in changes of shell structure possible changes in effective interactions and correlations near the limits of stability exploration of limits: driplines, super-heavy elements, fission barriers …. The origin of (simple) patterns in nuclei origin of collectivity new collective modes, shapes and symmetries nature of halos and skins, their influence on symmetries decoupling of neutron degrees of freedom The Nuclear Landscape

Low-lying soft modes in Sn isotopes P. Adrich et al., PRL 95 (2005) 132501 LAND Collaboration

Nuclear Astrophysics

The Technology for FRIB: 400kW HI Beams 200 MeV/u Uranium Superconducting heavy-ion driver linac Radio frequency gas stopper Liquid lithium target/stripper Multiple charge-state operation Key concepts conceived, proposed and developed at ANL

Nucleon-Nucleon / Meson neutron stars supernovae heavy-ion collisions neutron excess (N-Z)/A finite nuclei 0.3 -0.3 1 ? local matter density 0.6 neutron halos & skins neutron drip line protron drip line crust Nuclear Matter Nuclei QGP Hadrons QCD Vacuum Nucleon-Nucleon / Meson

Nucleon-Nucleon / Meson Nuclear Matter Deconfinement & chiral transition RHIC & LHC FAIR Quark Matter Nuclei QGP Hadrons QCD Vacuum Nucleon-Nucleon / Meson Systems

The Phases of QCD Did the properties of the Quark Gluon Plasma and the quark-gluon to hadron phase transition affect the evolution of the universe? Does the nature of the plasma and the quark-hadron transition give us new insight into QCD and confinement? Do states of de-confined quark and gluon matter exist now, i.e. at the core of neutron stars?

Nucleon-Nucleon / Meson Nuclear Matter S y m m e t r i e s Deconfinement & chiral transition RHIC & LHC FAIR Quark Matter Nuclei Nuclear Astrophysics QGP LHC RHIC SPS Condensate Hadrons QCD Vacuum Nucleon-Nucleon / Meson Systems

Nucleon-Nucleon / Meson Nuclear Matter Deconfinement & chiral transition RHIC & LHC FAIR Quark Matter Congratulations and Best Wishes for Your Future QGP LHC RHIC SPS Condensate Nuclei Hadrons QCD Vacuum Nucleon-Nucleon / Meson