Detecting and collecting traces of semen and blood from outdoor crime scenes using crime scene dogs and presumptive tests A.G. Skalleberg, M.M. Bouzga

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Detecting and collecting traces of semen and blood from outdoor crime scenes using crime scene dogs and presumptive tests A.G. Skalleberg, M.M. Bouzga Forensic Science International Volume 264, Pages 146-152 (July 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.04.026 Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Visualization of the system used for placing the body fluids and negative control on the ground. Each lane represents the different volumes of seminal fluid or blood that was deposited on the ground. Each time interval was given a 5m×5m zone within each of the lanes. The biological material was deposited within each of these squares. Each time interval represents the timeframe from between the body fluids was deposited on the ground until a search with the crime scene dog was performed. Each square was only searched and collected once. Forensic Science International 2016 264, 146-152DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.04.026) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Visualization of the different volumes of blood and semen deposited on the ground in the three experiments. Forensic Science International 2016 264, 146-152DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.04.026) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Overview of the results for test 1, seminal fluid on coniferous forest ground. The left symbols in each column are the stains with spermatozoa, and the right symbols are the stains without spermatozoa. The different volumes (0.1, 0.5 and 1.5mL) are indicated by the small, medium and large symbols. X: not performed. +: positive result. −: negative result. Forensic Science International 2016 264, 146-152DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.04.026) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Overview of the results for test 3, seminal fluid on grass ground. The two left symbols in each column are the stains with spermatozoa, and the right symbols are the stains without spermatozoa. The different volumes (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0mL) are indicated by the small, medium and large symbols. X: not performed. +: positive result. −: negative result. Forensic Science International 2016 264, 146-152DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.04.026) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Overview of the results for test 2, blood on coniferous forest ground. The different volumes (0.05, 0.1 and 0.5mL) are indicated by the small, medium and large symbols. X: not performed. +: positive result. −: negative result. Forensic Science International 2016 264, 146-152DOI: (10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.04.026) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions