Do Now *Write in your notebook-Do Now & Date at the top What natural cycles in our world are you aware of? What is similar about all of these cycles?

OBJECTIVE: You will be able to explain the rock cycle: rock types & their formation.

ROCK CYCLE

ROCK CYCLE QUESTION: How does one type of rock become another? HYPOTHESIS: ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ROCK CYCLE QUESTION: How does one type of rock become another? HYPOTHESIS: ______________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ROCK CYCLE Term Definition Drawing Weathering Sediment Erosion Deposition Compaction Lava **Cooling NOT IN YOUR BOOK

ROCK CYCLE Term Definition Drawing Weathering Weathering is the breakdown of rocks and minerals at and just below the Earth's surface; can be physical or chemical Sediment  Sediment is soil, sand, and minerals that are transported and deposited by wind and water Erosion Erosion is the movement of soil and rock material by agents such as water and wind Deposition Deposition is also known as sedimentation, is the geological process by which wind, water, or ice create a sediment deposit by laying down of material that has been eroded and transported from another location Compaction Process by which sediments are squeezed together by the weight of overlying materials driving out water Lava Lava is rock in its hot liquid form. Cooling When lava cools and hardens into igneous rock

SEDIMENTARY ROCK WEATHERING In nature, rocks are broken down by the forces of nature. In this simulation the crayons represent rocks, the coin represents erosion (wind, sun, ice, rain) that cause rocks to break down into smaller pieces.   Weather your rock. In other words, use a coin to shave your crayons into small pieces. Collect the shavings in the cup. Be as neat as you can. a. What do the different colored crayons represent? b. Are the fragments all the same size or shape? Describe. c. Would this be true of rock fragments in nature? c. What are some of nature’s tools to erode rocks? d. What do we call these small fragments of rock?

SEDIMENTARY ROCK EROSION & DEPOSITION Once rock fragments have been created, they are usually moved by some force of nature like gravity and dropped in a new location (DEPOSITION). Here you will act as a depositional force.   In your square of aluminum foil, each lab partner, in turn, should pile their rock fragments in a neat pile in the center of the foil. You will move and lay down (DEPOSIT) the rock fragments. a. Describe the shape and size of spaces between your rock (crayon) pieces. Are they large or small and irregular or regular shaped? b. How does nature move and lay down (DEPOSIT) rock?

SEDIMENTARY ROCK COMPACTION & CEMENTATION This part of the simulation requires you to understand the cementation process. Spaces between the fragments are reduced in size by pressure (COMPACTION) and filled in with cementing agents (CEMENTATION). This simulation will not add cementing agents. It will only simulate compaction. The compaction process occurs as sediment layers are continually covered by new layers of sediments. The lower layers become compacted by the weight of the new layers above.   Carefully fold the loose layers of crayon shavings inside the aluminum foil. Bring your folded packet to the front of the classroom for Ms. Goswick to compact your eroded rocks (crayon shavings). a. Do you see any layers? Are they thin or thick? b. Describe the compaction. Are they tightly or loosely compacted?

METAMORPHIC As the pressure deep within the earth increases, temperatures increase as well. A temperature change is probably occurring in this activity. Metamorphic rock may become contorted in appearance and actually flow like a plastic material--in response to the HEAT and PRESSURE that is caused by the over-riding rock.   Rewrap the loosely compacted, sedimentary rock-type crayons shavings in the aluminum foil. Bring your folded packet to the front of the classroom for Ms. Goswick to apply HEAT and PRESSURE to your sedimentary rock. a. Do you see any layers? Are they thin or thick? b. Describe the compaction. Are they tightly or loosely compacted?

IGNEOUS ROCK Igneous rocks form deep within the earth. They originate in magma chambers embedded in solid rock.   Take your remaining crayon shavings or pieces of “sedimentary” and “metamorphic” rock to Ms. Goswick at the front of the classroom. a. Describe what the melted “rock” (magma) looked like. b. Describe the cooling process and the final appearance of the “igneous” rock.

ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY: How are these rocks formed? METAMORPHIC: IGNEOUS:

ROCK CYCLE

R.A.F.T. Role: Captain Rock Audience: Sidekick Sediment Format: Comic strip Topic: How you go through the rock cycle (you must include each phase, type of rock, how the rock forms) but be CREATIVE and INFORMATIVE!

UNIT 1 TRACKERS & FOLDERS Write first and last name on tab In folder, turn in: Unit 1 Test & Tracker You may turn in other Unit 1 activities if you prefer Tracker-fill in your points correct (out of five), percent mastery, & check if 80% or above

Exit Ticket Describe in words how rocks change from one form to another. Start with igneous rocks, describe how they change to sedimentary and then into metamorphic.