Cerebrum The LARGEST part of the brain. Associated with higher brain function, such as thought and action. The surface of the cerebrum -- the cerebral cortex -- is composed of six thin layers of neurons, which sit on top of a large collection of white matter pathways. 

Cerebrum Divided into four lobes: Frontal Temporal Partial Occipital

Frontal Lobe Location: The forward most part of the brain (Forehead) anterior to the parietal lobe.

Functions Important for voluntary movement Planning, Parts of speech, Emotions, Reasoning Problem solving. Most significant lobe for personality and intelligence (:

What could go wrong? Strokes result from frontal lobe damage Concussions Alzheimer's Disease Frontal lobe epilepsy

Temporal Lobe Location: Side of head above ears, inferior to the frontal and parietal lobe. Split into three gyrus the Superior Temporal Gyrus the Middle Temporal Gyrus and the Inferior Temporal Gyrus.

Functions Memory Hearing Speech Behavior Vision

What could go wrong? Difficulty in understanding spoken words (Wernicke's Aphasia) Short-term memory loss.  Right lobe damage can cause persistent talking Increased aggressive behavior

Parietal Lobe Location: Posterior to the Frontal Lobe and Superior to the Temporal Lobe. 2 main sections of the Parietal Lobe Postcentral gyrus: makes up primary somatosensory cortex which is responsible for the sense of touch Posterior Parietal cortex : Divides into 4 sections

Posterior Parietal Cortex Divides into 4 parts - All aid in the spacial mapping of an area and distances. Controls eye and hand movement , discovered in the 90’s after the study of monkeys. LIP Lateral Intraparietal VIP Ventral Intraparietal MIP Medial Intraparietal AIP Anterior Intraparietal

Problems? Lesions on the left Parietal Lobe= Gerstmann's syndrome which causes inability to write, inability to comprehend mathematics Lesions on both hemispheres of the Parietal Lobe, Balint's syndrome, causes inability to recognize spacial surroundings, difficult fixating eyes

Occipital Lobe Location: Posterior portion of the brain; posterior to the temporal lobe and inferior to the parietal lobe.

Function - Vision includes: vision perception and color recognition

Problems Associated With Occipital Lobe Occipital Lobe Epilepsy Defects in vision Difficulty with locating objects in environment Difficulty with identifying colors Visual illusions - inaccurately seeing objects Word blindness – (dyslexia)

Hermann Munk studied the occipital lobe connected vision with occipital lobe damage to the occipital lobe causes blindness. both eyes connected to left and right hemisphere of brain.

Fun Facts! The cortex is heavily convoluted, so that if you were to spread it out, it would actually take up about 2 1/2 square feet It includes about 10 billion neurons, with about 50 trillion synapse