Chapter 17 Renaissance and Reformation 1350-1600

Section 1 The Spirit of the Renaissance Renaissance: Period of cultural achievement from the 14th to 16th centuries. “Renaissance” comes from the French word for “rebirth.” The Renaissance began about _______ in northern ___________ city-states. The Italian city of _____________ flourished during this time from the Medici family, especially __________ __ ______.

Scholars of the Renaissance focused on ___________, which are subjects concerned with humankind and culture, not science. These include: language, literature, composition, history, and music. One of the most important figures was in the study of humanities was _____________ _____________. Politics: Niccolo ______________ wrote guidelines as to the way rulers should rule. He believed that actions must be judged only by their ________. Role of Women: women became more ____________, but still had little role in politics.

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Printing Press: developed in the 1450’s and allowed mass production of books and other publications. The first book printed was a copy of the Bible printed by a German, _________ ____________. The Northern Renaissance: occurred in France, England, Germany, and the Netherlands. The two most important figures of the Northern Renaissance were Desiderius __________, who argued the Church had become greedy, and Sir Thomas _______ who wrote of a perfect society in his book ___________.

Printing Press, Gutenberg Bible, Sir Thomas More

Section 2 Renaissance Literature and Art Cervantes – mocked medieval chivalry in his book ______ _________. Shakespeare – possibly the Renaissance’s greatest and most influential writers. Renaissance Art: Focus on ___________, which emphasizes the uniqueness of each individual. Raphael – famous for his ____________, pictures of Mary, the mother of Jesus. Michelangelo – responsible for the Sistine Chapel. Leonardo da Vinci – Famous works such as the _______ _______ and the Last Supper.

William Shakespeare, Titus Andronicus, Raphael, Madonna, Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel, Leonardo da Vinci, The Mona Lisa, The Last Supper

Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles

The Reformation Reformation – a movement to reform the Church, led by religious thinkers that challenged the Church’s authority, known as _____________. Need for Church Reform: many believed the Church became greedy and focused too much on wealth and vanity than the original mission. This corruption was emphasized with the Churches selling of _____________, which were pardons in return for money.

Birth of Protestantism - __________ __________ began to challenge the Church’s authority publicly. On October 31, 1517, he nailed a list of grievances on the door of a church, attacking the sale of indulgences. For this, he won followers but was later _________________ in 1521. Spread of Protestantism – Luther’s teachings, along with the availability of a printed Bible, led many to challenge the Church. In 1555, a treaty called the __________ ____ _________ ended religious fighting in Germany, and allowed German princes to decide which religion to follow. Many chose to become Lutheran, following Luther’s teachings.

Martin Luther

Calvinism – based on the teachings of ________ _________ Calvinism – based on the teachings of ________ _________. The ideas are similar to Luther’s in that the Bible should be supreme authority, but introduced the idea of _______________, which is the belief that certain people were chosen by God for salvation. English Protestantism – this was closely related to politics. ________ ___ ruled England from 1509-1547. Wanting a heir to his throne, he sought a divorce from his wife to marry Anne Boleyn, but the Church opposed divorce. Henry broke away from the Church to form the _________ ___ _________, and the parliament passed the _______ ___ _________, making Henry the head of the Church. After Henry’s death, his son took over, but died shortly after. It wasn’t until 1571, when ______________ ___ took the throne that England returned to Protestantism.

John Calvin, Henry VIII, Six Wives of Henry VIII, Elizabeth I

The Counter-Reformation – The Church sought to reform and strengthen the spread of the Catholic religion. The Council of ________ - a meeting of Church officials to discuss reforms. The banned indulgences and tightened discipline for the clergy. The Church also imprisoned an executed Protestants. Many also sought to bring more people into the religion, hence the Society of Jesus was formed. These Jesuits sought to convert many, and bring back many protestants to the Catholicism.