Public Speaking: An Audience-Centered Approach – 7th edition Chapter 1 Speaking With Confidence This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: ·        any public performances or display, including transmission of any image over a network; ·        preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; ·        any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Steven A. Beebe & Susan J. Beebe Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 “I’ll pay more for a person’s ability to speak and express himself than for any other quality he might possess” - Charles M. Schwab Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Why Study Public Speaking? Empowerment Achieves desired goals. Is “advantage” over competition. Shows confidence. Shows conviction. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Employment Corporations want skilled speakers: to adapt information, to be organized, and to keep listeners interested. Communication: top skill sought by employers. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Public Speaking Differs From Conversation Public Speaking is Planned More practice. More preparation. More research. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Public Speaking is Formal Less slang & casual language. More physical distance between speaker and audience. More controlled gestures and movements. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Speaker & Audience Roles Clearly Defined Expectations well-established. Behaviors stable. Speaker and audience follow rules more. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

The Communication Process Communication as Action Linear, one-way messages. Source: encodes message. Message: what is said & how it is said. Channel: how message is transmitted. Receiver: decodes message. Noise: interferes with message . Internal. External. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

The Action Model of Communication: Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Communication as Interaction As message is sent, feedback to sender is provided by receiver. Communication happens within a context: Context: environment/situation in which speech occurs. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Communication as Transaction Communication happens simultaneously. Sender also receives message. Receiver also sends message. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

The Rich Heritage of Public Speaking 4th Century B.C. – The “Golden Age” of Rhetoric Rhetoric: use of words and symbols to achieve a goal. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

15th Century – Public speaking used mostly by clergy. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 18th Century – Public speaking used by American patriots to promote independence. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 19th Century – Public speaking plays role in abolition and suffrage movements. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 20th Century – Television becomes a force in public speaking. War & civil rights issues. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 21st Century – Technology & media revolutionize how people communicate. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Public Speaking & Diversity Different audiences have different expectations. Speakers must adapt to audiences. Audience-centeredness is key. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Improving Your Confidence Nervousness is normal. Public speaking number one in highest anxiety. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Understand Your Nervousness Brain triggers body. Communication apprehension (CA): fear of speaking. Styles of CA: Average: normal heart rate. Insensitive: lower heart rate. Inflexible: higher heart rate. Confrontation: high to normal heart rate. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Nervousness – Audience cannot see nervousness. Use anxiety to your advantage. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Build Your Confidence Before your speech: Don’t delay preparing. Learn as much as you can about your audience. Pick a comfortable and familiar topic. Rehearse your speech. Present a structured speech. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Other advice Be familiar with introduction and conclusion. Simulate actual speech conditions. Breathe deeply. Think & act calm. Picture positive outcomes. Reassure yourself mentally (with a pep talk). Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Finally… During the speech: Focus on content, not fears. Look for supportive audience members. After the speech: Reflect on positives. Seek other speaking opportunities. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009