Classification of Matter ( It has mass & occupy volume) Solids Liquids Gases Shape Definite shape No definite shape No definite shape Volume Definite volume definite volume No definite volume Compressibility No compressibility no compressibility Highly compressibility Fluidity No fluidity Have fluidity Highly fluid Diffusion Do not diffuse Diffuses Diffuse rapidly Inter molecular Forces Very strong Relatively weak No forces of attraction

Identify the following as element, compound, mixture(homo, hetero) Soil _______ salsa____________ Gold ______ Steel Air Diamond Sweet tea Milk Orange Juice Blood Graphite Vitamin-C Aspirin Body lotion Baking soda Vinegar Table salt Sugar Honey Coke Wine Gatorade Pizza Chicken sandwich

Kinetic Molecular theory Matter is made up of tinny particles. Particles are in motion. When particles are in motion, exert pressure. Among gases, particles are far apart, and moving randomly. Gases diffuse easily, occupy whole volume available and are compressible easily. Collisions between gas particle and container walls are elastic collision Gases exert pressure because of their motion and strikes against walls of container. Kinetic energy of matter is directly proportion to their absolute temperature.

Fourth state of matter - Plasma Most abundant state in the universe is plasma present in stars, sun, or formed during lightening. Matter at very - very high temperature. Atoms lose most of their electrons. Ions formed and free electrons, conduct electric currents.

Building Blocks of Matter Atom: An atom is the smallest unit of an element That maintains the chemical identity of that element. Element: an element is a pure substance that cannot be decomposed or broken down into simpler, stable substance. An element is made of only one types of atoms. Compound: A compound is a substance that can be broken down into simple stable substance.

Each element is represented by a symbol Each element is represented by a symbol. First letter capital and the second lower case letter. N – Nitrogen, Ni –Nickel C- carbon, Cr – Chromium, Ca – calcium, Cu – copper Each compound has a formula with definite composition. Each Water (H2O) has composition = 2 atom of H and 1 atom of ‘O’ H: O = 2:1 definite composition Carbon dioxide (CO2) has definite composition ( I atom of ‘C’ combines with 2 atoms of ‘O’), so C : O = 1 : 2

Classification of Elements Metals Nonmetals Metalloids Shine Fresh shine No shine Partial shine Conductivity Good Bad conductance Bad conductor conductor @ low temperature & Good conductors at high temperature Malleability Malleable Brittle Partially malleable & Ductility & ductile & ductile Examples Au, Ag, Cu, Al S, C, P, He, Ne B, Si, As, Te, Sb Ni, Cr, Fe, Mg N, O, F, Cl, Xe

2 Mg + O2 2MgO (compound) 2 Atoms of magnesium combined with 2 atoms of oxygen to produce 2 unit of a compound magnesium oxide. 2H2 + O2 2 H2O (compound) 4 atoms of element hydrogen combined with 2 atoms of element oxygen to produce 2 units (molecule) of water C + O2 CO2 (compound) One atom of carbon combined with 2 atoms of oxygen to produce 1 unit (molecule) of carbon dioxide.

Differentiate the following as elements or compounds He H CO Co No NO KI KH Kr FI Write the compositions of the following compounds Ammonia (NH3) Methane (CH4), Sugar ( C12H22O11)

Mixtures ( Impure matter) Blending of two or more kinds of matter (compounds), each of which retains its own identity and properties are called mixtures. Homogeneous mixtures- solutions It has single phase (uniform composition). Same composition every where. Salt & water, sweet tea, wine, steel, air, brass, Heterogeneous mixtures- None uniform composition (multiple phases) Soil, salsa, pizza, salad, chocolate chip cookies, cake, milk, blood