What is Conservation Agriculture ?

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Presentation transcript:

What is Conservation Agriculture ? Biological engineering approach to doing agricultural crop production based on the following principles: Minimum soil disturbance Continuous mulch cover Diverse species rotations

Degraded Landscapes w/o CA

OBJECTIVE To determine and analyze the variability of soil moisture retention and soil organic matter quality under conservation agriculture production systems (CAPS)

Claveria, Misamis Oriental The Research Site Claveria, Misamis Oriental

CAPS Treatments Cropping pattern T1 Arachis Pintoi + Maize- Arachis pintoi + Maize T2 Maize + Stylo - Stylo fallow T3 Maize+cowpea - Upland rice +cowpea T4 Maize+Rice bean-Maize+Rice bean T5 Cassava + Stylo T6 Maize-maize (conventional plow-based) (control) Fertility Level Fo 0-30-0 for N, P2O5, K2O F1 60-30-30 for N, P2O5, K2O

CAPS Treatments

TDR Soil Moisture Retention Measurement 2011 2012

Soil Sampling 2011 2010 2012

Laboratory Analysis UPLB CEAT Hydraulic and Soils Lab and Soil Sci Lab

RESULTS

Variability of TDR-Measured Residual Moisture Content

TDR-measured Residual Moisture Content

TDR-measured Residual Moisture Content

TDR-measured Residual Moisture Content Tukey (HSD) / Analysis of the differences between the categories with a confidence interval of 95% Contrast Difference Standardized difference Critical value Pr > Diff Significant T2 vs T6 10.200 7.219 3.178 < 0.0001 Yes T2 vs T3 3.425 2.424 0.200 No T2 vs T4 2.100 1.486 0.677 T2 vs T1 0.625 0.442 0.997 T2 vs T5 0.375 0.265 1.000 T5 vs T6 9.825 6.953 T5 vs T3 3.050 2.159 0.303 T5 vs T4 1.725 1.221 0.821 T5 vs T1 0.250 0.177 T1 vs T6 9.575 6.777 T1 vs T3 2.800 1.982 0.389 T1 vs T4 1.475 1.044 0.897 T4 vs T6 8.100 5.733 0.000 T4 vs T3 1.325 0.938 0.931 T3 vs T6 6.775 4.795 0.002 Tukey's d critical value: 4.495

TDR-measured Residual Moisture Content Dunnett (two sided) / Analysis of the differences between categories Category Difference Standardized difference Critical value Critical difference Pr > Diff Significant T6 vs T2 -10.200 -7.219 2.761 3.902 0.000 Yes T6 vs T5 -9.825 -6.953 T6 vs T1 -9.575 -6.777 T6 vs T4 -8.100 -5.733 T6 vs T3 -6.775 -4.795 0.001

TDR-measured Residual Moisture Content

TDR-measured Residual Moisture Content

Variability of Soil Organic Matter

Soil Organic Matter at Various CAPS Treatments and soil depths at Fo (December 2010)

Soil Organic Matter at Various CAPS Treatments and soil depths at F1 (December 2010)

Soil Organic Matter at Various CAPS Treatments and soil depths at Fo (April 2011)

Soil Organic Matter at Various CAPS Treatments and soil depths at F1 (April 2011)

Soil Organic Matter at Various CAPS Treatments and soil depths at Fo (September 2011)

Soil Organic Matter at Various CAPS Treatments and soil depths at F1 (September 2011)

Temporal Variation of Upper Layer Soil Organic Matter at Various CAPS Treatments at F0

Temporal Variation of Upper Layer Soil Organic Matter at Various CAPS Treatments at F1

CONCLUSION Conservation agriculture production systems have significantly higher residual moisture content than the conventional plow-based system with the treatment maize+stylo-stylo fallow exhibiting the highest residual moisture content Soil organic matter at the upper soil layer (0-15 cm) in all CAPS treatments exhibited consistently higher values than the deeper layer (15-30 cm) regardless of fertility level.

CONCLUSION Soil organic matter at the uppermost soil layer (0-5 cm) did not exhibit a well-defined pattern of temporal variation over time although the soil organic matter appears to increase under conservation agriculture and decrease under conventional plow-based system after 2 years of cropping Continuous soil quality monitoring is necessary to generate more conclusive findings

Acknowledgements This study is part of the USAID-funded SANREM-CRSP Project on Conservation Agriculture for Food Security in the Philippines and Cambodia Paper presentation was made possible through the support from CHED/UPLB-CEAT-IAE and SANREM Rafael Padre, Romina M. Bondad and everyone who helped in data gathering

Thank You! Dr. Victor B. Ella Professor Land and Water Resources Division Institute of Agricultural Engineering College of Engineering and Agro-industrial Technology University of the Philippines Los Banos College, Laguna, PHILIPPINES E-mail: vbella@up.edu.ph or vbella100@yahoo.com Tel/fax: (049)-536-2387