Unit 3- Southern Colonies Colonization and Settlement Unit 3- Southern Colonies

Big Ideas: The Southern Colonies Following Virginia, four more southern colonies were founded along the Atlantic coast by the English. These included Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. Reasons for the founding of these colonies included the desire to make a profit, the desire for religious freedom, and the desire to provide a second chance for prisoners in England. The economies of these colonies were dependent mainly on agriculture, growing cash crops such as tobacco, rice, and indigo. The growing of cash crops resulted in more and more enslaved Africans being brought to these colonies. Word Cards 17-20 English Colonies Map- empty

Southern Colonies

Development of the Southern Colonies Reasons for Founding Economic Activities Influence of Geography Push Factors Pull Factors

Agriculture- the cultivating of the soil, producing of crops and rising of livestock.

Plantation Agriculture- a large area of land that is usually privately or government owned and employs resident labor to cultivate a single commercial crop. Plantation agriculture is generally found in topical and subtropical regions.

In 1624 King James took away the charter he had given the Virginia Company and made the colony a ‘royal colony’. This meant the governor would now be appointed by the king. Virginia

WANTED To go to Maryland, a BLACKSMITH, a young man unmarried, bred to country business such as ploughs, axes, hoes, and can show a horse, and any other thing that may offer, and will bind for four or five years, he will find good encouragement. For further particulars, inquire at William Brown, junior, merchant in Glasgow.

Maryland was founded by a proprietor, or person who was given land for a colony by the king. Copy Note taking page 8 One for each colony 13

Maryland The Calverts were a wealthy English family who were Catholic. They wanted to form a colony that would make money and also be a safe place for Catholics who were often treated unfairly in England. King Charles 1 granted a charter to the family in 1632. Remembering the difficult times in Roanoke and Jamestown, the family planned carefully for their colony. Lord Baltimore

Maryland In 1633 the first settlers left England Many of them were indentured servants. Having learned from Jamestown some tobacco plantations were started. From the beginning Maryland welcomed settlers of many religions. In 1649 the colony passed the Toleration Act, which was the first law in the English colonies to allow all Christians to worship as they pleased. Economic opportunity, however, became the pull for many Maryland colonists. Up until 1680 indentured servants were the main source of labor. After this time more and more enslaved Africans were brought to Maryland. EXPLORE ONLINE

The Carolina Colony King Charles granted land for a colony between Virginia and Spanish Florida in 1663. Divided the colony between eight wealthy Englishmen who became the proprietors.

North Carolina Many of the settlers in the north of the colony were former indentured servants who had moved there from Virginia. They began small tobacco farms in the region. Later lumbering became an important economic activity. Settlers made tar and pitch from the local pines. These were important products needed in England.

North Carolina The area in the north continued to develop as mainly an area of small farms. As a result, there were not many enslaved Africans in the region for many years. Problem: the lack of good deep water in the harbor. This made it difficult to ship tobacco, pitch and tar. It also made it difficult to get new settlers to the area.

South Carolina Many of the fist settlers in the southern part of Carolina were planters from the island of Barbados. They had owned large plantations on the island and now hoped to do the same thing in Carolina. Many brought enslaved Africans with them. The geography of the southern part of the colony was perfect for rice and indigo, a plant used to make a special blue dye. Large plantations developed which grew these two cash crops. Increasing numbers of enslaved Africans were brought to the region to work on the plantations.

South Carolina A town with a good harbor named Charlestown was founded in 1680. It quickly grew and became an important trade center.

Two Colonies from One As the population of the colony grew the colony became difficult to govern. This was due partly to its large size. It was also due, however, to the differences in the northern and southern parts of the colony. In 1712 the northern 2/3 of the colony was divided into two colonies: North Carolina and South Carolina.

Royal Charter given to the founders of the colony of Georgia. Primary Sources Royal Charter given to the founders of the colony of Georgia.

Georgia In 1733, James Oglethorpe and nineteen partners were given a charter to settle a colony, which they named Georgia in honor of King George. The English were hoping this colony would serve as a buffer zone between the other English colonies and Spanish Florida.

Georgia To get settlers to come to the colony, Oglethorpe came up with a plan to bring people who were in prison for owing money. At that time in England debtors were put in jail. He offered some of these people the opportunity to leave prison and settle in Georgia. This idea along with many others, helped Oglethorpe develop a reputation for being a very fair and humane person. In addition, he would not allow slavery in the colony of Georgia. Therefore, the colony began with small farms, not large plantations.

Georgia On February 12, 1733, Oglethorpe and the first colonists established the city of Savannah. Savannah became the capital city of the new colony. Oglethorpe planned out the city of Savannah with a grid of streets, public squares, and identical houses for the settlers. Oglethorpe quickly established good relations with the local Native American tribes. He made peace treaties with them, respected their customs, and kept his work.

Georgia In 1752 the king took control of the colony from Oglethorpe and his partners making it a royal colony. Slavery was now allowed and large plantations began to develop. Chief products in Georgia were rice, indigo and lumber.

What happened to the other 1/3? Shade in all the 5 colonies of the South from Superteacherworksheets Georgia

Influence of Geography Desire to make a profit Religious freedom To provide a second chance for people in debtor’s prison. Reasons for Founding Cash crops like tobacco and rice grew well in the region. Some colonies like S. Carolina had a good harbor, N. Carolina did not People often settled along rivers. Influence of Geography Growing cash crops like tobacco, indigo and rice. Big plantations and small farms. Lumbering in some areas Some trade centers like Charlestown developed. Economic Activities

Discovery Education- Southern Colonies