BIOL 204 – Lab 13 The Reproductive System - Anatomy

Scrotum Objective 1 Structures of the Male Reproductive Tract The Scrotum Location Structure Function(s) located outside of the is a pouch of thin, dark hold the testes outside of the body cavity; below skin body cavity the root of the penis and the pubic the walls of the scrotum symphysis contain the dartos muscle which, when contracted, gives the scrotum a wrinkled appearance contains numerous sebaceous glands the cremaster muscle raises and lowers the testes to ensure proper temperature for sperm production Scrotum

Location Structure Function Tubules Location Structure Function Epididymus superior aspect comma shaped adsorb excess testicular fluid of each testes tube in a coil and secrete factors that make (6 m long) sperms more mature and motile has a head, a body and a tail Epididymus (Pink) H = head B = body T = tail

Location Structure Function(s) The Testes Location Structure Function(s) Each teste lies obliquely -oval; weight 10-14 g -spermatogensis in the scrotum -4cmX 3cm X 2.5 cm -manufactures hormones supplied by the testicular artery and the testicular vein each teste is covered by a white, inelastic capsule called the tunica albuginea internally the teste is divided into 150 lobules each lobule has 1-3 seminiferous tubules

Location Structure Function Vas (Ductus) travels upward an epithelial tube carries sperm into the body Deferens into the body about 45 cm cavity cavity as part long; the expanded of the spermatic end is called the cord ampulla it arches medially over the ureter and descends along the posterior wall of the urinary bladder

Location Structure Function Ejaculatory Duct passes from the a short, 3cm carries semen from the vas deferens epithelial tube vas deferens to the through the urethra prostate gland, to the urethra

Location Structure Function Urethra extends from the there are three carries both urine and urinary bladder portions: semen to the surface of the to the tip of the body penis Prostatic portion: 2.5 cm long; begins at the internal urethral orifice and extends through the prostate gland Membranous portion: 1.5 cm long; travels through the urogenital diaphragm; the bulbourethral glands are at either side Penile portion: 15 cm long; travels through the penis in the corpus spongiosum

Glands Stucture Location Function(s) Seminal vesicles lobular, paired posterior aspect produce about 1.5 to 3 ml of sticky glands about 5 cm of the bladder yellow fluid that contains fructose long and other nutrients for sperm and prostaglandins and vasciculase, a coagulating enzyme

Structure Location Function(s) Prostate Gland a single, donut encircles the produces 0.5-1 ml of shaped gland urethra at the slightly acidic fluid which base of the contains enzymes which bladder activate and nourish sperm

Prostate adrenocarcinoma – note whitish area at the periphery

Structure Location Function(s) Bulbourethral small, paired located in the produce a few drops of Glands glands urogenital alkaline mucus which helps diaphragm, to neutralize vaginal acids inferior to the prostate gland

The penis is composed of tissue organized into three columns: E. The Penis The penis is composed of tissue organized into three columns: (2) corpora cavernosa and (1) corpus spongiosum - the corpora cavernosa contains vascular sinuses - the corpus spongiosum contains the penile urethra; it expands at its end to form the glans penis; the glans is covered by a loose fold of tissue called the prepuce (foreskin)

sensory (pudendal and ilioinguinal nerves) Nerve Supply: sensory (pudendal and ilioinguinal nerves) Motor (pudendal to muscles; ANS via the pelvic splanchnic nerve SNS causes vasoconstriction and PNS causes vasodilation Blood Supply the internal pudendal artery and the external pudendal artery The internal pudendal veins and the external pudendal veins; there are also two dorsal veins

Objective 2 Histology Microscopic Anatomy of the Penis – X Section

Testes

Sperm

Objective 3 Gross Anatomy - Female Note the uterus (with fundus, myometrium, cervix, perimetrium, endometrium, body); the ovaries, uterine tubes (with fimbriae), vagina, and the ligaments (suspensory ligament, broad ligament, ovarian ligament, round ligament)

Lateral View -

Ovary and Fallopian Tube of a Multiparous Woman

Ovary with Ligament Fallopian Tube

Ovaries, Uterine Tubes, Uterus and Vagina of a 40 year old multparous woman

Uterus, Unfixed

Female Breast Anatomy

Objective 4 Ovary -Histology

A benign Paratubular Cyst

Primary Follicles Graafian Follicles Corpus Luteum

Ectopic Pregnancy                                                       1

Bicornuate Uterus Rare in humans – this woman never carried a fetus to term