Gender and Diversity Setting the scene for working groups Supriya Mehta, Christina Haneef, Leda Tyrrel redcross.org.au

Why should we, as Disaster Managers, care? We prepare, prevent, respond – we plan for ‘communities’ Images source shutterstock.com

Why thinking about gender and diversity matters in communities 20% of women of reproductive age (i.e. 15 to 45 years), are pregnant at any given time Around 15% of the total world's population live with a disability 8% of world’s population is aged over 65 years Being lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or intersex is illegal in 76 countries Every 10 minutes, somewhere in the world, an adolescent girl dies as a result of violence 35% of women worldwide have experienced either physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence in their lifetime. IFRC slides (data from various sources) Source: Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere Inc. (2002) Moving from Emergency Response to Comprehensive Reproductive Health Programs: A Modular Training Series. Washington, DC: CARE. 15% of the world's population, have some form of disability. Source: WHO Disability and health Fact sheet N°352 Reviewed December 2014 76 countries retain laws that are used to criminalize people on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. Source: “State-sponsored homophobia: a world survey of laws criminalising same-sex sexual acts between consenting adults”, International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex Association (ILGA), Brussels, May 2011, p. 9 See the countries here http://76crimes.com/76-countries-where-homosexuality-is-illegal/ Source: UNICEF 2014 http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/A_Statistical_Snapshot_of_Violence_Against_Adolescent_Girls.pdf 35% of women worldwide have experienced either physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence in their lifetimeUpdated January 2016 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs239/en/

Why it matters in our approach to disasters? Women, girls and boys are 14 times more likely to die during a disaster than are men Indian Ocean Tsunami, 2004 +80% fatalities women Japan earthquake 65% of casualties 60+ Violence increases following disasters (research has shown 6-300% increase in violence against women) Accountability Do no harm So we know now we can analyse what already exist and here are some reasons why it is so important: Evidence: More than 70% of those that died in the 2004 Asia Tsunami were women (it was 80+% females in some areas affected by the Tsunami) News Article: http://www.theguardian.com/society/2005/mar/26/internationalaidanddevelopment.indianoceantsunamidecember2004 Oxfam Report: Women and the Tsunami http://www.preventionweb.net/files/1502_bn050326tsunamiwomen.pdf In three of the affected areas of the 2011 Japan earthquake/ tsunami, 65% of casualties were over the age of 60 Cyclone Nargis, 2008, World Bank http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEAPREGTOPSOCDEV/Resources/12680GNEAPDisaster.pdf These are huge disparities and highlights the vulnerabilities to disasters of some groups as well as the disproportionate gendered impacts of disasters. As humanitarian actors we need to approach our work with a GD lens to minimise or mitigate this gap. If we do we will be truly accountable to the communities we work for & we will address the needs of the most vulnerable. The quality of our response and the services we provide will increase and be cost effective ie. not delivering the wrong type of aid to the wrong people. We will also be upholding out FP especially impartiality Key message: Disasters and emergencies are not gender-neutral and therefore neither should the programmes and services that aim to address them Address vulnerability Fundamental Principles

What should we do? Consider Gender and Diversity at every step of disaster management Cycle

How can we consider Gender and Diversity in DM Cycle? Tools and resources Gender sensitive approaches for DM – Integrating gender into DM cycle

Minimum Standard Commitments to Gender and Diversity Minimum Standard Commitments to Gender and Diversity in Emergency Programming Seven sectors – health, food, WASH, shelter (and settlements), livelihoods, NFIs Four Commitments (with corresponding standards) D – dignity A – access P – participation S - safety Includes guidance on: Needs assessment Beneficiary selection and prioritisation criteria Minimum standard commitments (2015 pilot) - Operational guidance for IFRC and National Societies Focuses on seven sectors – Health, Shelter, WASH, Food security, NFIs, DRR, Livelihoods and provides clear guidance under the framework of ensuring dignity access participation and safety. This has been used in Nepal after the earthquake to ensure GD is mainstreamed across our response. Guidance is applicable in DRR/Preparedness, response and recovery programmes

Session 5: Working Groups What Gender and Diversity issues might we consider in talking about: Cooperation and Coordination for Response and Recovery Urbanisation and Climate Change Community Resilience: Integrated and multi-sectoral approach Institutional DM Capacity Enhancement Why and how? Are we doing enough?

G&D in cooperation and coordination for response and recovery Who is affected? Why and how are they affected? What are their distinct needs, protection concerns and priorities? Sex- and age-disaggregated data (SADD), Gender analysis Diversity analysis Do-no-harm – Preventing exploitation and abuse Accountability and standards to prevent and respond to reports of sexual exploitation and abuse Code of Conduct and Child Protection Policy. The ‘safety’ section in the minimum standards highlights guidance on internal protection systems and how to apply this to our work We can use secondary data such as in the ‘crowd photo’, to do a rapid GD analysis even before arriving in a country to respond. We must also continue to conduct needs assessments underlined by a GD analysis. This includes collection and analysis of SADD as mandatory but also taking it a step further to understand the context and the roles and relationships between men and women. This will allow us to design programmes and services that are practical and appropriate and ensure no one gets left behind.

Gender and Diversity in Urbanisation, Climate Change, Community resilience Both events lead to greater marginalisation – knowing where the greatest vulnerabilities are, is essential Community based programs must allow for greater participation Safer and resilient communities can only be achieved when everyone in the community is reached

Gender and Diversity in Institutional readiness Strengths based approach to volunteer recruitment Training for knowledge-attitude-practice shift Systems in place to prevent exploitation and abuse

Summary – key messages Gender and Diversity is everyone’s responsibility (impartiality) Must be considered through the disaster management cycle Use the tools and resources available – including gender focal points nearest to you