SUMMARIZING

Task description a summary of all or part of the reading text All information -> contained in the reading text, words used will be different.  (2) provided words (more words than gaps): answer & distracters

Test ability to: skim the text for information paraphrase the original text

Approach summary completion questions Read the instructions carefully. Step 1 Skim through the summary to get an idea of the topic. Step 2 Decide which section of the text the summary covers. Step 3 >> Read through the summary, referring to the list of words each time you reach a gap. >> Select one or more possible words from the list to fill each gap. >> Reject any words that do not fit grammatically, even if the meaning seems correct. >> Confirm your choice by referring to the relevant sections of the text. Step 4 Quickly read through your completed summary to check that it makes sense. Step 5

When fossil fuels bum, they produce elements that pollute the air, worsen the greenhouse effect, and cause __ 8_. To alleviate the problem of ___9 _ combustion which produces particles and __10 _, a Canadian scientist invented Carbonex which is blended with the fuel ___11_ it burns. The iron atoms, carried by .....12.... molecules which are the base of Carbonex, dissolve in the liquid fuel. These atoms help the fuel to burn more thoroughly, promoting the engines' combustion efficiency and producing cleaner exhaust. The new product has been tested in America and Switzerland. The statistics show that it works better with __13_ burners than with ___14_ engines. Not only does Carbonex reduce particle and NOX ___15____, and increase energy output, it also helps to make the ___16__ of engines cleaner, leading to cuts of maintenance costs. acid rain incomplete NOX before hydrocarbon industrial vehicle emissions inside vehicle NOX after hydrocarbon inside black smoke small acid rain incomplete industrial input emissions before outside