Plant Cells: Structure and Function

Eukaryotic Plant Cell

Characteristics of ALL Cells All pro and eukaryotic cells have the following: Cell membrane- An outer boundary which is also called the plasma membrane Cytoplasm- The interior of a cell; just the liquid is called cytosol. Cytoskeleton (microtubules/microfilaments)- Protein filaments (thread-like structures) that are important in cell movement, shape and division Ribosomes- Structures that do not have a membrane and make proteins DNA- hereditary information

Eukaryotic Organelles

Organelles that Surround the Cell Cell membrane- “Selects” what can enter and leave the cell. Cell wall Surrounds the cell membrane and provides structure and support Made of cellulose- long carbohydrate chain

Organelles inside the cell Nucleus Directs the cell’s activities Houses DNA Houses the nucleolus where ribosomes are made

Endoplasmic reticulum System of membranes that move proteins around inside the cell- “intracellular highway” Can be smooth or rough rough has ribosomes attached to it and smooth does not ribosomes can also be found in the cytosol Golgi apparatus Flattened sacs Processes proteins into vesicles (membrane bound sacs)

Mitochondria Chloroplast Produces ATP- form of energy that can be used by the cell. Has a double membrane Outer membrane is smooth and the inner membrane (cristae) is folded. Has its own DNA Chloroplast Where photosynthesis occurs Has its own DNA and a double membrane

Mitochondria

Chloroplast

Central Vacuole Large Stores water, nutrients and waste

“Typical” Plant Cell