PowerPoint Supplement Richard P. Farkas, DePaul University POWER & CHOICE An Introduction to Political Science 14th Edition W. Phillips Shively, University of Minnesota PowerPoint Supplement Richard P. Farkas, DePaul University

Chapter 1 Politics: Setting the Stage

POLITICS Use of power The making of common decisions Production of public choice

Avenues for Political Analysis behaviors institutions policies “state” as organizer of politics

More Guidelines … see both sides of any question keep our emotions in check be precise about the meaning of the words we use be open to borrowing from other academic disciplines recognize need for broad principles

“POLITICS” social process rivalry & cooperation making of a decision binding on a group POLITICS is a social process involving rivalry and cooperation culminating in the making of a decision binding on a group.

… or the use of power to make a common decision for a group of people

POWER Politics ALWAYS involves power Power = ability of one person to cause a second person to do what the first wishes, whether the second wants to or not

“POWER” … means by which power is exercised coercion persuasion construction of incentives authority can be the basis of one’s power if those governed accept the relationship … other sources possible

Think about your “feeling” about the following terms … administer, manage manipulate, force direct, lead order, control

POWER & CHOICE 1. Making common decisions (choice) Contrast: A way to work out rationally the best common solution to a common problem 2. Exercise of power Ability to get someone to do what you want Contrast: Implicit vs. Manifest power

Approaching “politics” … As public choice … emphasizes the options and decisions located throughout the system & the attempt to meet needs As power … emphasizes the management of persons in the system Example: the university classroom

AUTHORITY Power to make policies based upon an institutionalized mechanism, procedure or by coercive force -- examples … Any limits to governmental authority? Gov. authority = efficient & powerful  once established, requires little investment Authority, if widely accepted, is easier to exercise

LEGITIMACY Belief by a large number of citizens that a particular government properly has authority Individual or collective agreement that (1) a person or group has the right to issue certain sorts of commands and (2) that those commands shall be obeyed. normative and tentative perception!

Sources of Legitimacy Legitimacy by RESULTS Legitimacy by HABIT Legitimacy by IDENTITY Legitimacy by PROCEDURES Consider legitimacy of: professor, mother, mayor, judge, clergy, ambassador

“State” “sovereign state” The political entity whose government has ultimate authority to make decisions binding upon all those within the boundaries of that entity … country not what Americans call “states”

Kinds of Approaches … “Interpretive political scientists” historical, philosophical aspects built from detailed, non-numerical cases “Behavioralists” look for broad patterns across many cases using statistical analysis of numerical data

“Theory” Thinking about politics invites broad generalization and abstraction We pursue generalization through theory A theory is a statement linking specific instances to broader principles

Normative & Empirical Analysis empirical: systematic examination of what IS normative: systematic thoughts about what OUGHT TO BE

Political Science as a Discipline American political behavior American political institutions American public law American public policy American state and local politics Comparative politics International politics Political theory