Title: His foresight Creator: Pughe, J. S., US artist Date Created/Published: N.Y. : J. Ottmann Lith. Co., Puck Bldg., 1901 October 9. Summary: Illustration shows Uncle Sam as a large rooster standing among several small free-ranging chicks labeled "Argentine Republic, Guatemala, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Bolivia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Salvador, Peru, [and] Hayti [sic]"; confined to a "European Coop" labeled "Monroe Doctrine" are five roosters labeled "Russia, England, France, Germany, [and] Italy." Title: Mad dog? Creator: Keppler, US artist Date Created/Published: N.Y. : Published by Keppler & Schwarzmann, Puck Building, 1913 August 6. Summary: Illustration shows a dog wearing a sombrero labeled "Mexican Revolution" jumping and barking, stirring up a cloud of dust; Uncle Sam approaches from the left drawing a gun from its holster labeled "Intervention", he is preparing to shoot the "mad dog". The rulers of "England, Germany, Spain, Austria, Italy, Russia, [and] Japan" are standing behind a wall labeled "Monroe Doctrine", some have rifles, others point toward the dog.

Title: Defining the doctrine Creator: Keppler, Udo J., US artist Date Created/Published: N.Y. : J. Ottmann Lith. Co., Puck Bldg., 1902 January 22. Summary: Illustration shows a young boy labeled "Venezuela" complaining to Uncle Sam about the presence of a German battleship; Uncle Sam explains to him that the Monroe Doctrine will protect him from violence, but that he still must pay his "honest debts." The Monroe Doctrine On December 6, 1823, President James Monroe gave a State of the Union address. Part of the speech became known as the Monroe Doctrine. The European monarchies of Russia, Prussia, Austria, and France were threatening to help Spain regain its Latin American colonies. This document has become the center of US foreign policy, which emphasizes non-interference in European affairs and a defense of neutral rights.   “[…] The American continents, by the free and independent condition, which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers… In the wars of the European powers in matters relating to themselves we have never taken any part, nor does it comport (agree with) with our policy so to do. It is only when our rights are invaded or seriously menaced (threatened) that we resent injuries or make preparation for our defense… [The United States] should consider any attempt on [European countries] to extend their [influence] to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the governments who have declared their independence and maintained it, …we could not view any interposition (interference, to interfere) for the purpose of oppressing them, by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition (character) toward the United States.” Monroe, James. (1823) The Monroe Doctrine