The Treaty of Versailles

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Presentation transcript:

The Treaty of Versailles

Fourteen Points Speech Wilson went before Congress to deliver his Fourteen Points Speech. Discussed ways to avoid world conflict, establishing new territory boundaries, & formation of a League of Nations.

Summary of the 14 Points End to secret treaties. Freedom of the sea. Free Trade/No tariffs. Disarmament.

More of the 14 Points… Fair settlement of colonial claims. Recognition of legitimate national aspirations. Establishment of League of Nations.

Peace Conference Big Four Lloyd George, George Clemenceau, Vittorio Orlando, & Wilson Worked out the provisions of the treaty WITHOUT representation for the Allied Powers.

Britain and France Focused on vengeance – reparations. No time for idealism and “14 Points” Didn’t want US to control peace conference b/c of limited involvement in the war.

Results of the Treaty Compromise of the 14 points. 9 new nations established

Germany’s Losses Arms Land – Poland, Polish corridor, Sudetenland High reparations – approx. 132 billion marks. Army – limited to 100,000 men. Had to accept full blame for the war.

Weaknesses of the Treaty Failed to establish a lasting peace War Guilt Clause – only Germany was responsible for WWI. Insulted Germany’s national pride. Britain and France got German colonies. Reparations were too high.

Senate and the Treaty Three groups within the Senate Moderates: enter League w/conditions Irreconcilables: No League Democratic supporters of Wilson: Yes League Largest opposition was from Henry Cabot Lodge.

Henry Cabot Lodge

League of Nations International organization Members bound to protect one another if attacked Wilson saw it as “only hope for mankind.” Worried isolationists

Isolationists US should isolate itself from problems in Europe. Worried about the League: Didn’t- recognize the Monroe Doctrine acknowledge member nations had control of domestic affairs specify if members could withdraw acknowledge the power of Congress to declare war

Last Ditch Effort Wilson tried to rally public support for the League. Made 35 speeches in 22 days Collapsed 10/2/1919 Had a stroke Paralyzed for 2 months

Failure of the Treaty of Versailles Came up for ratification in 3/1919, failed to pass. Came up again 3/1920 Failed Signed a separate treaty with Germany in 1921. Wilson was no longer President. US never joined the League.