Copyright © American Speech-Language-Hearing Association From: Describing the Consequences of Disorders:  Stuttering and the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps J Speech Lang Hear Res. 1998;41(2):249-257. doi:10.1044/jslhr.4102.249 Legend: A model for viewing the experience of the stuttering disorder based in the framework of the ICIDH (WHO, 1980). This model also incorporates elements of presumed etiology; affective, behavioral, and cognitive reactions to stuttering that mediate the occurrence of disabilities; and environmental influences that mediate the occurrence of handicaps. Date of download: 10/23/2017 Copyright © American Speech-Language-Hearing Association